신라 하대 6두품의 정치·사회적 위상과 그 변동

Abstract

The Six Dupum(六頭品) were the highest ranks among the Dupum, but they did not rise to a high official rank higher than that of Daeahchan(大阿湌). Due to these limitations, there were many cases where they stood out in academic and religious fields that were less restricted by status. In addition, it is known that the the six Dupum tried to reform the closed golpum system(骨品制) at the end of Silla, and continued reform politics while working as Silla intellectuals in the Goryeo Dynasty. Looking at the activities of people from the six Dupum, there was a difference between the middle and late period. In the middle period, people from the six Dupum were cooperative with the king, but in the later period, they acted as their advisors, such as cooperating with King and Jingol(眞骨). And through Gukhak(國學), Dokseo sampumkwa(讀書三品科), and Studying Abroad in Tang Dynasty(渡唐留學), etc. they advanced mainly to the deacon sirang department, Munhanjik(文翰職) or Geunsijik(近侍職), and raised their status. In fact, if you look at the 得難條 of 「保寧 聖住寺 朗慧和尙塔碑」, you can guess the status of the six Dupum at the time of Queen Jinseong(眞聖女王) when the epitaph was written. The five national ranks appearing in the epitaph are Seongyi(聖而), Jingol, Deuknan(得難), Fourth rank(四品), and Fifth rank(五品). Deuknan was the six dupum. Deuknan means that it is difficult to obtain a surname, and Gwiseong(貴姓) has the same meaning as a noble surname, and these think terms that show that the status of the the six Dupum was elevated at the time. During the reigns of King Gyeongmun(景文王) and King Heongang(憲康王) before Queen Jinseong, the munhanjik and myopia positions, which were mainly advanced by the six Dupum, increased in importance, and this situation continued until the time of Queen Jinseong. However, when analyzing the contents listed in the prohibition order promulgated by King Heungdeok(興德王), there were many item regulating the six Dupum, unlike the expression 'Deuknan'. In addition, as a result of analyzing the contents by status, the regulation on the six Dupum was strong, with a large gap between jingol and the six Dupum and a small gap between the six Dupum and five dupum. As the regulations on the six Dupum began to become stronger during the reign of King Heungdeok, their status declined. The reason why the six Dupum was strongly regulated in the ban order during the reign of King Heungdeok was the rebellion of Kim Hee-chang(金憲昌). Many of the people who suppressed the rebellion were jingol, mainly relatives of King Heungdeok, and their influence naturally grew stronger. After the rebellion was suppressed, King Heungdeok operated a state centered on jingol to deal with the rebellion, and it naturally appeared as the strengthening of jingol privilege and the decline of the six Dupum status even in Geumryeong. However, in the reign of King Gyeongmun and King Heongang, the six Dupum was expanded its field of entry due to the expansion of geunsijik and munhanjik, which shows that the status of the six Dupum was elevated again. In this way, the the six Dupum became the main players in the change of the golpum system through the elevation of status.