韩汉将来时标记“-겠-”“要”的认识情态研究
A Study on the Epistemic Modality of Korean Language "겠" and Chinese Language "要"
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초록
时体标记和认识情态都属于句子的背景信息，具有使虚拟事件转化为实际事件的效用，语言类型学研究表明，将来时标记向认识情态的发展是人类语言的共性。韩汉将来时标记“-겠-”、“要”都具有“推测”、“意图”的概念义，用来描述未然事件，对于未然事件的描述分为客观上必然发生的事件和主观上说话者认为必然或可能发生的事件，对于这两种情况，由于将来事件本身具有的不确定性，两者都表现出强主观性，因此与认识情态密切相关，由将来时衍生出来的认识情态根据说话人对主观估价的确信度可分为“必然性”、“可能性”、“虚拟性”三个量级。本文以韩汉将来时标记“-겠-”、“要”作为研究对象，考察了韩汉将来时标记向认识情态发展过程中所呈现的句法、语义、语用的异同，并用主观化、转喻、推理解释了其背后的认知机制。
Abstract
Tense, aspect and epistemic modality belong to the background information of sentences and have the effect of transforming virtual events into actual events. Linguistic typology studies show that the development of future tense into epistemic modality is a common feature of human languages. The future tense markers "- 겠 -" and "Yao" in Korean and Chinese language have the conceptual meanings of "speculation" and "intention", which are used to describe the future events. The description of the future events can be divided into objectively inevitable events and subjectively inevitable or possible events. For these two cases, due to the uncertainty of future events, both of them show strong subjectivity. Therefore, they are closely related to epistemic modality. Epistemic modality can be divided into three categories according to the speaker's certainty of subjective evaluation: inevitability, possibility and virtuality. This study aims to find out the similarities and differences of "- 겠 -" and "Yao" in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and explain the cognitive mechanism behind the differences by comparing the degree of grammaticalization and subjectification.
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