FDI와 투자정책으로 살펴본 미·중 관계의 변화
A Change of the Sino-US Relations in Terms of Their FDIs and Investment Policies
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이 논문은 미국과 중국 간의 FDI와 이에 관련된 투자정책의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 양국 간의 정치적 관계가 변화한 양상을 설명했다. 미국과 중국의 관계 변화 양상을 FDI로 설명하려면 우선 중국 기업들의 대미 FDI 증가가 양국 간의 자본흐름과 경제 및 기술적 비대칭성을 감소시키고 있다는 점으로부터출발한다. 미국은 가장 강력한 경쟁자로 부상한 중국과의 현재 격차를 유지하기 위해 중국 FDI의 유입을 규제하게 되었다. 중국은 그러한 미국의 태도 변화에 반발하고 있다. 이로 인해 현재 양국의 정치적 갈등 가능성이 과거에 비해 훨씬 높아진 상태이다. 2000년대 이전까지 양국 사이에서 진행되었던 FDI는 전반적으로 미국에서 중국으로향하는 일방적인 흐름을 보였다. 이러한 자본 흐름의 비대칭성은 중국의 저렴한 노동력과 지대를 활용하여 비용절감을 꾀한 미국 기업들의 이윤추구 동기와 경제발전에 필요한자본을 충당코자 했던 중국 정부의 발전전략이 맞물린 결과였다. 그러나 2000년대 이후급격하게 증가한 중국 기업의 대미 FDI는 과거 양국 간 자본 흐름의 비대칭성을 빠르게감소시키고 있다. 또한 중국의 대미 FDI 진출은 단순히 경제적 이익을 추구하는 것 이외에 핵심기술과 주요 천연자원을 확보하려는 중국 정부의 전략적 목표를 내포하고 있다.
Abstract
This essay intends to explain the contemporary change of Sino-US political relationships through observing their FDI relations and investment policies related to FDI. The explanation on the US-PRC relational change by their FDIs starts from the fact that increasing Chinese FDI toward the US is altering their traditional FDI flows and reducing their economic and technological gap. The US began to restrict the inflow of Chinese FDI in order to maintain her superiority over China which came to be one of the most powerful contenders for mastery of the world stage. The PRC is resisting the change in the US attitude. Therefore, the possibility of their political strife has become much higher than before. The US-China FDI flow was one-sided before the 2000s, mainly from the US toward the PRC. T he a symmetric c apital f low was possible b ecause the p rofit-maximizing motive o f American companies to use Chinese low-cost labor and land, and the developmental strategy of China to utilize American investment capital for economic growth were interlocked. However, dramatically increased FDI of Chinese companies toward the US since the 2000s reduced the traditional asymmetry in their capital flow. Chinese FDI toward the US has strategic goals. It pursues not only economic gains but also cutting-edge technologies and natural resources.
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