중국의 대국외교와 대 EU전략
China’s Great Power Diplomacy and Its Strategy with the EU
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중국의 대외전략은 중국이 처한 전략적·지정학적 환경에 근거하여 “대국외교”(大國外交)와 “주변지역외교”(周邊外交)로 구분될 수 있다. 중국에게 있어 “대국외교”는 이중적 의미를 가지는데, 첫째는 국제체제의 일극이거나 일극의 잠재력을 가진 대국(great power)을 대상으로 진행하는 외교이며, 또 다른 하나는 중국 자체가 대국으로서 국제사회의 책임 있는 역할을 담당하는 대외정책을 펼치는 것을 의미한다. 이 글은 분석의 도구로 “대국외교”를 전자의 의미로 한정하고, 탈 냉전기 중국의 대국외교와 그 연장선에서 대 EU 전략을 분석해 보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 중국의 대국외교는 그동안 대미전략이 사실상 그 주요내용을 구성해왔다. 그러나 탈 냉전기 미국 중심의 단극체제·일방주의가 강화되면서 중국은 국제체제의 다극화 전략을 대외정책의 핵심의제로 추진하게 되고, 그 결과 미국외의 대국-러시아·EU·일본 등-과의 독자적 양자관계 강화가 요청되게 된다. 이에 따라 이 글은 중국의 다극화 전략의 배경 하에 새롭게 요청되는 중국 대국외교의 목적과 방법, 그리고 중국의 대 EU 전략을 분석한다. 또한 중국·EU 간의 주요 현안과 쟁점을 살펴보고 독립적 양자관계로서 중·EU 관계와 중국의 대 EU 전략이 가질 수밖에 없는 주·객관적 한계를 살펴보도록 하겠다.
Abstract
As per its strategic and geopolitical environment, China’s diplomacy can be considered in two categories of great power diplomacy and peripheral diplomacy. This paper recognizes the term, China’s “great power diplomacy” in two meanings: (1) a diplomacy toward a unipolar or potentially unipolar great power in the international structure (i.e., traditional relationship with a great power), and (2) a diplomacy of China as a great power, playing a responsible role with its foreign policy in the global community. Previously, China’s great power diplomacy meant the diplomacy with the U.S., focusing heavily on its relations with Washington; however, as the U.S., a sole superpower in the post-Cold War era, became to wield its influence unilaterally in the international power structure, China turned to seek a multi-polar world order as one of its crucial goals. As a result, its traditional great power diplomacy had to undergo a certain readjusting process, and China began to realize the strategic value of non-U.S. superpowers, especially Russia and the EU. Against this backdrop, this article will, as an analytic tool, attempt to define “great power diplomacy” as “a diplomacy with which China, as a superpower, exerts much of its influence on the bilateral relations with other superpowers,” and the object of this paper is to analyze China’s strategy with the EU and the significance of the relationship, taking it as a prime example of China’s great power diplomacy in the post-Cold War era. This article will look at the goals and methods of China’s great power diplomacy that has been newly required under the multi-polarization strategy, and will scrutinize China’s strategy with the EU by analyzing the major issues and disputes between the superpowers. Finally, the Sino-EU relations as independent bilateral partners, and inevitable subjective and objective limitations as well as the prospect of China’s diplomatic strategy with the EU will be discussed in this paper.
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