영주 부석사 조사당 벽화 벽체의 목재 바탕 구조 및 재료적 특성
Structural and Material Characteristics of the Wooden Wall Framework for the Mural Painting at Josadang Shrine of Buseoksa Temple in Yeongju
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본 연구는 부석사 조사당 벽화의 벽체 바탕에 대한 재료와 구조를 과학적으로 조사⋅분석하여, 벽체 바탕의 제작기술과 원재료의 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 부석사 조사당 벽화 벽체 바탕의 구성요소는 가시새, 외가지, 외엮기 줄로 확인되었다. 벽체 바탕 요소 중 가시새는 졸참나무류(Prinus Section)로 식별되었으며, 일정 규격의 직사각형 각재로 가공하여 벽화별로 6∼11개가 설치되었다. 가시새의 배치 구조는 상⋅하부는 조밀하게 중앙 부분은 넓게 배치한 특이점이 확인되었다. 외가지는 소나무류(Hard pines)로 식별되었으며, 단면 지름 20mm 이내의 나뭇가지를 그대로 사용하거나 유사한 규격으로 가공하여 비교적 일정한 간격으로 설치되었으며, 설외와 눌외 배치간격의 차이점은 없었다. 외엮기 줄은 볏짚으로 만든 새끼줄이 사용되었고 가시새와 외가지를 대각선으로 엮어 벽체 바탕을 안정적으로 고정하였다. 방사성탄소연대 분석 결과, 벽체 바탕 재료의 보정연대는 13∼14세기로 조사당 건축연대로 추정되는 14세기 말과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the materials and structure of the wooden wall framework of a mural painting at the Josadang Shrine of Buseoksa Temple to identify the manufacturing techniques and characteristics of the used raw materials. The observed components of the wooden wall framework included Gasisae, laths, and straw ropes. The Gasisae wood species was identified as belonging to the Prunus section. Its shape was confirmed to be rectangular and processed into uniform dimensions, with the number of installed pieces ranging from 6 to 11. The arrangement of Gasisae exhibited a distinctive feature: dense placement in the upper and lower parts and wider spacing in the central part. The wood species of the laths was identified as hard pines with branches of 20 mm or less in diameter, used either in their natural form or processed, and arranged at relatively uniform intervals. The spacing between the vertical and horizontal laths was similar. The straw rope was identified as an Oryza-type plant material used to diagonally tie the Gasisae and laths, providing stable reinforcement for the wooden wall framework. Radiocarbon dating analysis confirmed that the calibrated age of thewooden wall framework was between the 13th and 14th centuries. This finding encompasses the 14th century, the construction period of the Josadang Shrine, indicating a close temporal relationship between the two.
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