영주 부석사 조사당 벽화 벽체층의 제작특성 연구
A Study on the Manufacturing Characteristics of the Wall Layers of the Mural Painting in Josadang Shrine of Buseoksa Temple, Yeongju
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초록
본 연구는 부석사 조사당 벽화 토벽체의 구조와 재료를 과학적으로 조사⋅분석하여 제작 특성을 규명하였다. 벽체는 초벽층, 중벽층, 마감층으로 구성되어 있으며, 흙은 풍화토를 층위별 기능에 맞게 정선하여 사용하였고, 섬유보강재로는 초벽층과 중벽층에 짚 섬유, 마감층에 마 섬유를 사용하였다. 초벽층은 3∼4 cm의 두께로, 공극률 2.10%, 입도비율은 자갈 12.31%, 모래 41.60%, 미사 29.87%, 점토 16.23%로 분석되었다. 중벽층은 1∼2 cm의 두께로, 공극률은 2.17%, 입도비율은 자갈 5.96%, 모래 40.97%, 미사 35.66%, 점토 17.40%로 나타났다. 마감층은 약 6 mm의 균일한 두께로 제작되었으며, 공극률 4.70%, 입도비율은 모래 53.51%, 미사 38.57%, 점토 7.92%로 확인되었다. 즉, 초벽층과 중벽층은 분급이 불량한 입자로 치밀한 구조를 형성하여 내구성을 높이고, 마감층은 평활성과 균일성에 중점을 둔 제작이 이루어진 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This study scientifically investigated and analyzed the structure and materials of the earthen wall of the mural painting in Josadang Shrine of Buseoksa Temple to identify its manufacturing characteristics. The wall comprises three layers: the support layer, the middle layer, and the finishing layer. The clay used was weathered soil that was refined according to the functional requirements of each layer. Straw fibers were used as reinforcements in the base and intermediate layers, while hemp fibers were utilized in the finishing layer. The support layer has a thickness of 3–4 cm, with a porosity of 2.10% and a particle size distribution of 12.31% gravel, 41.60% sand, 29.87% silt, and 16.23% clay. The middle layer has a thickness of 1–2 cm, with a porosity of 2.17% and a particle size distribution of 5.96% gravel, 40.97% sand, 35.66% silt, and 17.40% clay. The finishing layer is approximately 6 mm thick and exhibits a porosity of 4.70% with a particle size distribution of 53.51% sand, 38.57% silt, and 7.92% clay. In summary, the support and middle layers were constructed with poorly graded particles to form a dense structure, enhancing durability, while the finishing layer was designed with a focus on smoothness and uniformity.
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