2016年度中国学界高句丽、渤海史研究综述

Abstract

This paper summarizes research articles about Koguryŏ and Parhae(Bohai) published in the Chinese academic in 2016. It also examines the research on Yemaek(濊貊) and Puyŏ(夫餘), which are related to these topics. Additionally, among introductory articles about the Northeast regional history, some of them linked to Koguryŏ and Parhae's history were briefly mentioned. First of all, it is a review of theory and approach. Currently, bottleneck phenomenon is evident in the research field on Koguryŏ and Parhae. Since major historical sources are repeatedly being used, and basic knowledge systems have already been established to some extent, it is necessary to have a deep reflection on the direction of research in the future. In regard to this topic, Chinese academic circle attempted to partially analyze the issue in 2016. In “Jianli Gaojuli muluxue de sikao(Reflections on the Establishment of Koguryŏ Bibliography)” by Geng Tie Hua, the author proposed the necessity of organizing the bibliography of the studies about Koguryŏ, a suggestion which started form the necessity of reviewing the historiography of Koguryŏ. Song Yu Bin(宋玉彬)'s “Goujian Bohai ducheng yanjiu xinpintai de xueshu sikao <Baliancheng> duhou(Academic Thoughts on New Platform about Research on Constructing Parhae Castle - After Reading Baliancheng)” proposed a foundation of the new platform for the research about Parhae's castles. The author insisted that it is essential to clarify the concept of Parhae's castles in detail, and install a criterion to judge the remains of the castles. Then the author argues the necessity to comprehensively review the clues appearing in archaeological data and historical texts on the basis of this criteria. In addition, it is noteworthy that the exploration report entitled “Guojishiyexia de Bohaiguo yanjiu - Kojima Yoshitaka jiaoshou, Ivliev yanjiuyuan, fangtanlu(Research on Bohai State from an International Perspective - Interviews with Professor Kojima Yoshitaka, Researcher Ivliev and Griman” Zhu Liye(祝立業) closely reviewed the proposals about the international view of the study of Parhae presented by the Japanese scholar Kojima Yoshitaka, and the Russian scholars Ivliev and Griman. Next is a study of the general introduction type studies from the Northeast Asian perspective. Currently, international academia is gradually recognizing that, for an in-depth study about Koguryŏ and Parhae histories, it is necessary to approach to them on the basis of the Northeast Asian history. For the research achievements of this field in 2016, Wang Mian Hou(王綿厚)’s Zhongguo dongbei yu dongbeiya gudaijiaotongshi(Ancient History of Interchange in the Northeast China and Northeast Asia), Cheng Ni Na(程妮娜)’s Gudai dongbeiminzu chaogonzhidushi(The History of the Tributary System of the Northeast Ethnic Groups), Zhao Hong Mei(趙紅梅) and others’ Hantang donbeiya gudaiminzu shehui fazhan yanjiu(A Study on the Development of Ancient Ethnic Societies in the Northeast Asia during the Han and Tang Dynasty Period) can be counted in. Feng Li Jun(馮立君)’s article entitled Gaojuli yu rouran de jiatong yu lianxi - yi datong shiernian Yangyuanwang qianshizhi jizaiwei zhongxin(The Traffic and Contact of Koguryŏ and Rouran - Centered on the Records of King Yangwŏn’s Dispatch of the Envoy in the 12th Year of Datong) also discussed about the historical role of Koguryŏ in a broad perspective of Northeast Asia. The third part is about the reorganization work of historical texts. Although the Chinese academia has previously carried out a relatively systematic work on Koguryŏ and Parhae, it was not fully comprehensive yet, and the approach based on certain topics is insufficient. In 2016, Dongbei gudaiminzu lishibianniancongshu(A Series of Ancient Northeast Ethnic Groups’ Chronological History), compiled by Jian Wei Gong(姜維公), was a supplementary work for the previous work’s inadequacy. Presently, the author has already published other works such as Fuyulishi biannian(Chronological History of Puyŏ), Gaojulilishi biannian (Chronological History of Koguryŏ), Baijilishi biannian(Chronological History of Paekche), Qidanlishi biannian(Chronological History of Khitan), and Bohailishi biannian(Chronological History of Parhae). Of course, it will be necessary to supplement the improved study on historical texts in the future. Fourth is the usage of new resource. The so-called new resources includes two aspects; the first is the textual source, which mainly indicates the epitaph materials in present. For example, Ge Ji Yong(葛繼勇)’s Xinchu Gaoyide muzhi yu Gaojuli moqi de neizhengwaijiao (Newly Excavated Epitaph of Ko Ŭldŏk and Administration and Diplomacy in the Last Period of Koguryŏ), which examines the epitaph of an immigrant to Tang Dynasty named Ko Ŭldŏk(高乙德), discussed about the administration, diplomacy, and politics in the last period of Koguryŏ. The second is archeological resources. As an example, Wang Xi Dan(王希丹)’s Lun Jian Gaojuli mubihuazhong de xiyaogu(Discussion about Seyogo in Koguryŏ’s Tomb Murals at Ji’an) analyzed “Yogo”, an instrument of Koguryŏ in the Koguryŏ’s tomb murals. The fifth part is a new search for classical themes. In the studies on Koguryŏ and Parhae, there have been some debated subjects over a long period. In 2016, academic circles have tried to revise some of these issues based new theories, perspectives, and resources, and new arguments have been suggested. For example, Jian Wei Gong and Zhu Liye examined Koguryŏ’s foundation myth, and Li Da Long(李大龍) discussed about the role of the Silla in the allied force of Tang Dyansty and Silla, which destroyed Koguryŏ. Wei Cun Cheng(魏存成) reviewed the Tomb of King Ho, and Xin Xi Dai(辛時代) studied about the topic of Parhae’s foundation. Additionally, Liu Xiao Dong carried out the discussion on Parhae’s text inscribed roofend tile. The sixth is the emergence of new scholars. In 2016, three doctoral theses in the field of Koguryŏ history have passed the examination, which is worth paying attention. First of all, Wang Zhi Gang(王志剛)’s doctoral thesis entitled Gaojuli wangcheng ji xiangguan yicun yanjiu(A Study on Koguryŏ’s Capital Castle and Related Relics) in Jilin University. Next, Yutaoli Gaojuli bihuamu yanjiu(A Study on Koguryŏ’s Tomb Murals in Oktori) was presented by Jung Kyung-il in Yanbian University, and Sun Wei Ran(孫煒冉) in Northeast Normal University wrote a doctoral thesis entitled Gaojuli zhuwang yanjiu(A Study on Koguryŏ’s Kings).