『红楼梦』,『儿女英雄传』의 ‘Pre+NP+X’형 전치사구 연구- X가 준조사인 경우를 중심으로 -
A Study on the "Pre+NP+X"-type Prepositional Phrase in 『Hong lou meng(红楼梦)』 and 『Er nü ying xiong zhuan(儿女英雄传)』 - With Focus on the "Pre+NP+Quasi-Auxiliary word" -
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This paper is concerned with the "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrase. The emphasis of this paper is the grammatical and semantic features of the "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrase. The degree of grammaticalization of quasi-auxiliary words is also discussed. First, the major researches on the "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrase—those of Chen Chang Lai(陈昌来)(2002) and Liu Dan Qing(刘丹青)(2003)—are discussed, and how to divide and classify such phrase are also discussed. Second, based on the analysis results, all kinds of such phrase that are found in『Hong lou meng(红楼梦)』 and 『Er nü ying xiong zhuan(儿女英雄传)』 are investigated. The results of this study are as follows. First, "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrases can be classified into the following three types according to the syntactic functions:(1) X can assign the case alone;(2) X changes the meaning of the preposition-assigned case; and(3) X emphasizes only the meaning of the preposition-assigned case. Second, "Pre+NP+Quasi-Auxiliary words" are found 64 times in 『Hong lou meng(红楼梦)』 and 68 times in 『Er nü ying xiong zhuan(儿女英雄传)』 . There are seven kinds of prepositions in these prepositional phrases: an(按), ju(据), na(拿), yi(依), zhao(照), cong(从), and zi(自); and five kinds of quasi-auxiliary words: jiang(讲), shuo(说)(lai(来)), kan(看)(lai(来)/qu(去)), xianglai(想来), and qi(起). Third, "Pre+NP+Quasi-Auxiliary words" are generally placed at the start of a sentence or before the verb to act as adverbial modifiers. Fourth, "Pre+NP+Kinds of kan(看)/shuo(说)" prepositional phrases mainly represent the criterion or the agent for judging, and "Pre+NP+qi(起)" prepositional phrases represent the starting point of an action or a range limit. Fifth, the quasi-auxiliary words frequently used in "Pre+NP+Quasi-Auxiliary words" and the order of their frequency in the above two contexts are as follows:Pre+NP+shuo(说)(lai(来))(50, 37.9%) > Pre+NP+qi(起)(49, 37.1%) > Pre+NP+kan(看)(lai(来)/qu(去))(25, 18.9%) > Pre+NP+jiang(讲)(7, 5.3%) > Pre+NP+xianglai(想来)(1, 0.8%). Sixth, speaking of the degree of grammaticalization of quasi-auxiliary words, the highest degree is "qi(起)," which can assign cases alone, and the next is "kinds of kan(看)/shuo(说)," which changes or emphasizes the meaning of the preposition-assigned case. Thus, "kinds of kan(看)/shuo(说)" are included in the grammaticalization process and their grammaticalization degree is not too high.
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrase. The emphasis of this paper is the grammatical and semantic features of the "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrase. The degree of grammaticalization of quasi-auxiliary words is also discussed. First, the major researches on the "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrase—those of Chen Chang Lai(陈昌来)(2002) and Liu Dan Qing(刘丹青)(2003)—are discussed, and how to divide and classify such phrase are also discussed. Second, based on the analysis results, all kinds of such phrase that are found in『Hong lou meng(红楼梦)』 and 『Er nü ying xiong zhuan(儿女英雄传)』 are investigated. The results of this study are as follows. First, "Pre+NP+X"-type prepositional phrases can be classified into the following three types according to the syntactic functions:(1) X can assign the case alone;(2) X changes the meaning of the preposition-assigned case; and(3) X emphasizes only the meaning of the preposition-assigned case. Second, "Pre+NP+Quasi-Auxiliary words" are found 64 times in 『Hong lou meng(红楼梦)』 and 68 times in 『Er nü ying xiong zhuan(儿女英雄传)』 . There are seven kinds of prepositions in these prepositional phrases: an(按), ju(据), na(拿), yi(依), zhao(照), cong(从), and zi(自); and five kinds of quasi-auxiliary words: jiang(讲), shuo(说)(lai(来)), kan(看)(lai(来)/qu(去)), xianglai(想来), and qi(起). Third, "Pre+NP+Quasi-Auxiliary words" are generally placed at the start of a sentence or before the verb to act as adverbial modifiers. Fourth, "Pre+NP+Kinds of kan(看)/shuo(说)" prepositional phrases mainly represent the criterion or the agent for judging, and "Pre+NP+qi(起)" prepositional phrases represent the starting point of an action or a range limit. Fifth, the quasi-auxiliary words frequently used in "Pre+NP+Quasi-Auxiliary words" and the order of their frequency in the above two contexts are as follows:Pre+NP+shuo(说)(lai(来))(50, 37.9%) > Pre+NP+qi(起)(49, 37.1%) > Pre+NP+kan(看)(lai(来)/qu(去))(25, 18.9%) > Pre+NP+jiang(讲)(7, 5.3%) > Pre+NP+xianglai(想来)(1, 0.8%). Sixth, speaking of the degree of grammaticalization of quasi-auxiliary words, the highest degree is "qi(起)," which can assign cases alone, and the next is "kinds of kan(看)/shuo(说)," which changes or emphasizes the meaning of the preposition-assigned case. Thus, "kinds of kan(看)/shuo(说)" are included in the grammaticalization process and their grammaticalization degree is not too high.
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