서산 김흥락 학맥의 전승과 발전 - 근대 전환기 서산 문도의 현실 인식과 실천

Abstract

Seosan Kim Heung-Rak and his students lived from pre-modern to modern era which was a time of unprecedented big changes and turbulences in Korean history. In accordance with those changes, various differentiations of confucianism started to appear. In response to such changes, Seosan Kim Heung-Rak and his disciples tried to protect the social system built on the value of Confucianism. The core of Seosan Kim Heung-Rak’s idea is ‘Gyeng(敬)’, this let him strengthen internal culture and act with decision in response to the problem of Joseon society. 705 peoples in the name list of his disciples 「Boingyecheop」 inheritede master’s teachings that pursuing learning must be based on the Gyeng(敬) and learning should be led to doing. As a result, after he died the disciples tried to protect Confucian values and to defeat Japan. It is primarily the anti-Japanese militia activity, the anti-Japanese struggle of his disciples was prominent than that of other school’s. In 1910 nation had succumbed and social dilemma was deepening, his students judged it is impossible to resolve the contradiction by the conventional Confucianism, then they made a variety of choices. In particular, since this time they were away from the attitude of unilateral exclusion of Western culture, attempted to make up for Confucianism through accepting Western culture. In awareness and response to the reality of his disciples, two dominant pattern can be found. It is the emphasis of practicality and enrichment of identity. Emphasizing practicality is from the need to strengthen capabilities responsing Western technology and arms. Trying to enriching identity, emphasized ‘Gyeng(敬)’ and attemptted to make Confucianism change as a a kind of religious faith like Christianism. That was due to the idea that they could overcome the overwhelming Western force represented by technology and army by strengthening subjective positivity.