서산西山 김흥락金興洛의 학맥과 이학理學사상

Abstract

This research investigated Kim Heunglak(金興洛)’s academic line consciousness who decorated the finale of Lee Hwang(李滉)’s academic line of Lihak(理學), reviewed his academic history and explored the content of Lihak. Kim Heunglak succeeded academic tradition of Yihak of Ju Hee(朱熹), Yi Hwang, and Kim Seongil(金誠一) as the 11th eldest grandson(宗孫) of Kim Seongil. He was called as the legitimate academic disciple(嫡傳) of Yu Chimyeong(柳致明), and the academic line was succeeded by Lee Hwang-Kim Seongil-Jang Heunghyo(張興孝) -Lee Hyunil(李玄逸)-Lee Jae(李栽)-Lee Sangjeong(李象靖)-Nam Hanjo (南漢朝)‧Jeong Jonglo(鄭宗魯)-Yu Chimyeong. He said he realized that duty is in an ordinary place, his comment as this succeeded the tradition that the academic line of Lee Sangjeong and Yu Chimyeong highly regarded exploration and research going beyond daily life. He was the last scholar who protected Lihak of Lee Sangjeong‧Yu Chimyeong who succeeded Lee Hwang’s Lihak, and practiced the idea by himself. Kim Heunglak’s Lihak firstly understands mind and heart(心) as the sum(合) of Ligi(理氣), based on Juli(主理). He said Myeongdeok(明德) is another name of mind and heart, which can be understood by combining Ligi, however Gi(氣) should be considered by being combined with Li(理) properly. He expressed a deep concern on Simjeukliseol(心卽理說) that was newly suggested in Yeongnam(嶺南) academic world by Lee Jinsang(李震相), and opposed it. Kim Heunglak particularly emphasized Yibji(立志)‧Geogyeong (居敬)‧Gungli(窮理)‧Yeokhaeng(力行) in respect of performing study. He mentioned, “The way to preserve mind and heart is only Gyeong(敬)”, also, understood that “Gyeong’ is merely not to dismiss(放過)”. Understanding of such Gyeong was accepted as a theory that Lee Sangjeong and Yu Chimyeong insisted “Gyeong is another name of not merely dismissing”. At the moment of breathing his last breath, Kim Heunglak emphasized Yeokhaeng on the literary people. Yeokhaeng that he emphasized was Yeokhaeng premised on Yibji‧Geogyeong‧ Gungri. Under his teaching, many literary people including literary disciples as Kim Hyungmo(金瀅模), etc. who received teaching of such Lihak and Lee Sangryong(李相龍), etc. showed practical figure of Lihak by sublimating Kim Heunglak’s Lihak into the spirit of patriotic enlightenment movement and independence movement.