1949년 사회주의 중국 건국이 중국철학에 미친 영향 : 사회주의 중국 성립 이전과 이후 풍우란(馮友蘭) 철학의 연속성과 단절성을 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the continuity and disconnection of Fung Yulan’s philosophy before and after the founding of socialist China, and to identify the influence its founding had on Chinese philosophy. There were changes in Fung’s philosophy before and after the Chinese socialist revolution. First, a change in the understanding of philosophy; second, a change in the understanding of history and philosophy; and third, changes in the relationship between universal and special. We also look at the continuity of Fung’s philosophy. First, the universality-oriented reasons persist. Second, Fung maintains a Western-centered view of learning. Third, he distinguishes between written history and original history. In addition, the reasons for this disconnect and continuity are as follows. First, the reason for the disconnect is that criticism of Fung has persisted since 1949. The majority of the criticisms were about the work of Fung and the metaphysics of Fung’s philosophy. Fung was therefore in a situation where he had to deviate from his bourgeois class, metaphysics. In addition, the intellectual world of socialist China had a range of recognition for existing philosophy or Chinese philosophy. In response, the ideas of Fung had no choice but to change. The range was the primary nature of matter (physicalism), class, and dialectic. Fung’s philosophy not within this scope had to be corrected. Next, we can look at the causes of continuity. First of all, there is the reason that Fung's theory of neo-realism was friendly to materialism, internally and externally. Neoclassical theory emphasizes the practicality of universal logic, and historical materialism recognizes the practicality of the law of historical development. From Fung's point of view, changing his mind was not difficult. It is enough to understand that the universality(共相) that he claimed was thoroughly based on materials. Materialism was an acceptable point of view. In addition, the dialectic method emphasized in socialist China was also the driving force that enabled Fung to maintain his thinking. Through this dialectic, Fung was able to carry out and announce some deviations from mechanical materialism.