인공적 거래시장을 활용한 고용 타게팅: ‘스마트’ 고용정책의 가능성
Artificial Market Approach to Employment Targeting: A Possibility of ‘Smart’ Employment Policy
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배출권 거래제로 대표되는 인공적 거래시장(artificial market) 방식의 정책은 사회적 합의와 같은 시장 외적 과정을 통해 수량 목표를 설정하되, 목표 달성을 위한 수단은 시장기능을 최대한 활용함으로써 높은 효율성을 발휘하는 특징을 갖는다. (예컨대 배출권 거래제는 이론적으로 오염배출 억제 목표를 최소비용으로 달성한다.) 본고에서는 인공적 거래시장 방식이 고용 문제에 응용하기에 적합하다는 인식 하에, 동 방식을 고용정책에 접목한 정책구상으로 가칭 ‘고용 크레딧 거래제도’를 제안하고 검토한다. 동제도는 채용 보조금을 기반으로 하되, 고용(실업률) 목표를 달성하는 보조금의단위 규모가 거래가능한 크레딧(tradable credit)의 가격으로서, 정부가 크레딧 수요자로참여하는 거래시장에서 결정되는 방식이다. 이같은 방안은 사회적 비용을 최소화하는 방식으로 고용 목표를 달성할 뿐 아니라, 同 목표를 달성하기 위한 단위 보조금의 규모가정책당국의 추정이 아닌 거래시장을 통해 실시간으로 결정된다는 점에서, 보다 효율성과정밀성이 높은 고용(실업률) 타게팅의 가능성을 제시한다.
Abstract
Based upon the joint design of a quantitative target and market tools, policies with an artificial market approach are expected to attain a socially-set target with high efficiency. (For example, the emission trading system theoretically attains an emission control target with minimum costs.) Since the issue of employment has a quantitative target with a high degree of social consensus, or full employment, and the related activities such as hiring and lay-off can be easily reflected to the trading market, employment policy seems to be a promising area for utilizing the artificial market. As an exploration of the artificial market approach to employment policy, this paper introduces a policy idea, tentatively named “employment credits trading system,” and examines its expected effects. The idea is about a hiring-subsidy-based trading system, where a unit subsidy is determined as the price of a tradable credit that clears the trading market under the (un)employment target. The scheme could accomplish the employment target with minimum social costs and suggests a possibility of a more efficient and precise employment targeting.
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