고용에 사회적 가치를 부여하는 사회에서의 일자리 정책
Employment Policy in a Society which Puts Social Value on Employment
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고에서는 고용에 사회적 가치를 부여하는 사회를 상정하고 그러한 사회에서의고용정책에 대하여 검토한다. 이같은 논의의 목적은, (실업률이 한 사회의 안정과통합의 정도에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수란 점에서, 많은 사회들이 암묵적으로나마 고용에 사회적 가치를 부여하고 있을 가능성이 높다고 생각되는바) 고용의 사회적 가치를 명시적으로 인정할 때 고용정책의 새로운 이론적 기초와 아울러 보다 효율적인 정책수단을 도출할 수 있음을 보이고자 하는 것이다. 고용에 사회적 가치를 부여할 때, 同 사회적 가치는 환경효용과 마찬가지로 專有불가능한 특성(non-excludability)을 갖는다는 점에서 기업의 고용결정에는 외부성이 수반되며, 고용 외부성은 특징적으로 양면성(채용결정에는 正의 외부성, 해고결정에는 負의 외부성)과 외부성의 크기가 경기역행적으로 변동하는 가변성을가짐을 보일 수 있다. 이같은 고용 외부성의 존재와 특성을 바탕으로, 본고에서는외부성의 보정 및 고용의 사회적 최적화 논리에 기초한 두가지 정책방안을 제안하고 정책효과를 검토한다. 하나는 가격설정형 정책으로 해고세/채용보조금의 조합이고, 다른 하나는 가변가격/수량목표 설정형 정책으로서 고용조정권 거래제도라 부를 수 있는 것이다. 이들 정책방안은 소요재원 대비 고용창출효과 효율성이나 낮은 위험, 글로벌화에서 비롯되는 고용문제에의 대응 등의 측면에서 기존정책에 비해 비교우위를 가질 수 있을 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
This paper explores employment policies in a society which puts social value on employment. The purpose of this exploration is to show that when we admit the social value which most societies seem to put on employment implicitly, we can provide more efficient policy measures as well as a new theoretical basis for employment policy. Attaching social value on employment brings about externality in firm’s employment decision since the social value is non-excludable. Additionally it can be shown that employment externality has two characteristic features :duality (positive externality in hiring decision and negative externality in lay off decision) and counter-cyclical fluctuation in the size of externality. From these features of employment externality, this paper derives two policy measures to internalize externality and enhance social welfare, and discusses their effects : one is a combination of lay-off tax and hiring subsidy as a price setting policy, the other is employment voucher trading system as a flexible price/fixed quantity policy. These policies are expected to have comparative advantages in terms of cost efficiency, low risk, and better addressing problems related to globalization.
참고문헌 (37)
- 강두용, "雇傭決定에 수반되는 外部性과 政策的 含意", 국제경제연구, 14(3), pp.153~193 (2008), 한국국제경제학회
- 정운찬, "거시경제론" (2001), 율곡출판사
- 한국노동연구원, "고용보험의 경험요율제도 도입 연구", pp.1998~ (1998)
- Abel A., "Macroeconomics" (2005), Pearson Addison Wesley
- Offshoring, Economic Insecurity, and the Demand for Social Insurance, "Anderson, R.", Federal Reserve Bank, ~, pp.working paper 2008-003A (2008)
- Baker, D., "Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment: A Critical Assessment of the Cross-Country Evidence, In Fighting Unemployment", pp.72~118 (2005), Oxford Univ. Press
- The Job Creation Tax Credit, "Bartik, T.", Economic Policy Institute, ~, pp.Briefing Paper #248 (2009)
- Blanchard, O., "The Joint Design of Unemployment Insurance and Employment Protection: A First Pass", Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(1), pp.45~77 (2008)
- Blanchflower, O., "Well-being Over Time in Britain and the USA", Journal of Public Economics, 88 (2004)
- Alternative Measures of Offshorability: A Survey Approach, "Blinder, A.", CEPS, ~, pp.CEPS Working Paper 190 (2009)
- Brainard, L., "Trade and Globalization", Paper for Senate Committee on Finance Hearing (2007), Brookings Institute
- Brainard, L., "Are US Multinationals Exporting US Jobs?, In Globalization and Labor Market, Vol. 2", pp.410~426 (2001)
- Clark, A., "Unhappiness and Unemployment", Economic Journal, 104 (1994)
- Recessions and the Cost of Job Loss, "Davis", NBER, ~, pp.NBER Working Paper 17638 (2011)
- Economic Policy Institute, "American Jobs Plan: A Five Point Plan to Stem the U.S. Job Crisis" (2009)
- Farber, H., "The Incidence and Costs of Job Loss: 1982~91", Brooking Papers: Microeconomics, 1993(1), pp.73~119 (1993), Brooking Institute
- The Changing Face of Job Loss in the United States, "Farber, H.", NBER, ~, pp.NBER Working Papers 5596 (1996)
- Financial Times, "Behind the New View of Globalization", ~ (2012)
- Labor Market Institutions Around the World, "Freeman, R.", London School of Economics and Political Science, ~, pp.CEP Discussion Paper #844 (2008)
- Hamermesh, D., "Labor Demand" (1993), Princeton Univ. Press
- Outsourcing Jobs? Multinationals and US Employment, "Harrison, A.", NBER, ~, pp.NBER Working Paper 12372 (2006)
- Tradable Services: Understanding the Scope and Impacts of Services Outsourcing, "Jensen, J", Institute for International Economics, ~, pp.Institute for International Economics Working Paper 05-9 (2006)
- Jensen, J., "Measuring Tradable Services and the Task Content of Offshorable Service Jobs", Paper Presented for NBER-CRIW Conference ‘Labor in the New Economy’ (2007)
- IMF, "World Economic Outlook" (2012)
- Kapur, D., "Is Larry Summers the Canary in the Mine?, Economist Forum", Financial Times, May 16, 2008, ~ (2008)
- Layard, R., "Combatting Unemployment" (2011), Oxford Univ. Press
- Lazonick, W., "Maximizing Shareholder Value : A New Ideology for Corporate Governance", Economy and Society, 29(1) (2000)
- The Politics and Economics of Offshore Outsourcing, "Mankiw, G.", NBER, ~, pp.NBER Working Paper 12398 (2006)
- Minsky, H., "Ending Poverty: Jobs, not Welfare" (2013), Levy Economic Institute
- Polanyi, K., "거대한 전환: 우리 시대의 정치경제적 기원" (2009), 도서출판 길
- Rector, S., "The Frailty of the Fallacy of Experience Rating", Labor Law Journal, 2(2) (1951)
- Snower, D., "Unemployment Policy: Government Options for the Labor Market" (1997), Cambridge Univ. Press
- The Evolving Structure of the American Economy and the Employment Challenge, "Spence, M.", Council on Foreign Relations, ~ (2011)
- Summers, L., "America Needs to Make a New Case for Trade", Economist Forum, Financial Times, April 28, ~ (2008)
- Summers, L., "A Strategy to Promote Healthy Globalization", Economist Forum, Financial Times, May 5, ~ (2008)
- From Pigou to Extended Liability: On the Optimal Taxation of Externalities under Imperfect Financial Markets, "Tirole, J.", ~ (2008)
- Wolf, M., "Preserving the Open Economy at Times of Stress", Economist Forum, Financial Times, May 21, ~ (2008)