민원인 불평 행동의 수단-목적 가치의 체계: MEC 이론과 래더링 기법의 적용을 중심으로
The Means-End Chain of Citizens' Complaining Behavior: An Application of MEC Theory and the Laddering Technique
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시민들은 불만족에 따른 불평 민원 제출 시 불평 처리 기관이 제공하는 서비스의 주요 속성이과연 자신이 원하는 바를 얻는 데 얼마나 도움이 될 것인가를 고려한다. 수단-목적 사슬(Means-End Chain, 이하 MEC) 이론은 그 동안 고객이 서비스 선택 시 고려하는 결과와 가치 파악의 효과적도구로 평가받아 왔다. 이 연구에서는 MEC 이론을 적용, 민원인 불평 행동의 속성(Attributes),결과(Consequences), 가치(Value)의 인지 구조를 검토하였다. 연구 문제는 크게 두 가지로, 첫째민원인이 불평 행동 시 고려하는 서비스 속성, 결과, 가치 요소는 무엇인가? 둘째, 이들의 계층적가치지도(Hierarchical Value Map, HVM)는 어떤 형태인가? 이다. 하드 래더링 기법의 적용을 위한자료 수집 방법에는 여러 가지가 있으나, 이 연구에서는 설문지 방법을 사용하였다. 불평 민원방문자를 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 수행하여, 서비스 속성 11개, 결과 7개, 가치 5개 항목의 설문지를개발하였다. 다음 불평 민원의 제출을 위해 국민권익위원회 민원센터를 직접 방문한 민원인 60명을대상으로 설문 조사를 실시, 총 47명으로부터 응답을 얻어 유효 표본으로 사용하였다. 이를 분석하여불평 행동의 수단-목적 함축 매트릭스를 작성하고, 계층적 가치지도를 완성하였다. 분석 결과에기초해 불평 민원 제출 행동의 가치지도가 의미하는 바를 자세히 논의하고, 민원센터가 불평 민원서비스에 대한 불만을 줄이고, 만족도를 개선하고자 한다면 어떻게 불평 민원인의 수단-목적가치체계와 서비스의 특성을 조화시킬 수 있을 것인가를 여러 가지로 제시하였다.
Abstract
Citizens who would file a complaint with the service they have received consider preferences to meet their needs. Means-End Chain (MEC) theory has been appreciated as an effective tool for identifying the consequences and values that citizens attach to service. While applying MEC theory, this study examined an attributes-consequences-value structure of citizens who submit a complaint. The research questions were: What are the cognitive elements the citizens consider important in terms of the relationships of attributes-consequences-value? And what is their hierarchical value map (HVM)? Using an in-depth interview method, we developed a questionnaire with 11 attributes, 7 expected consequences and 5 desired values. The data were collected through the questionnaire from 47 citizens who visited the Public Service Center of the Anti-Corruption & Civil Rights Commission of Korea to file a formal complaint. Based on the results of the hard laddering analysis and in-depth interviews, we constructed an implication matrix and presented a graphical map of a set of means-end chains. The paper suggests that the Public Service Center needs to match the attributes of their service to citizens’ preferences in order to decrease dissatisfaction and increase satisfaction.
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