중국의 일대일로와 란창·메콩 협력(LMC) 거버넌스: 쿤밍-비엔티안(Kunming-Vientiane) 철도 인프라 구축을 중심으로
China’s BRI and Lanchang-Mekong Cooperation Governance: Focusing on the Construction of Kunming-Vientiane Railway Infrastructure
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본 연구는 중국의 일대일로(BRI) 정책에서 메콩 유역이 함의하는 중요성과 메콩 협력 즉 란창·메콩 협력(LMC)의 주요 특성을 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 쿤밍·비엔티안 철도 사업에 대한 중국의 전략과 라오스의 긍정적·부정적 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 중국은 접경 지역인 대 메콩 협력 거버넌스를 강화하기 위해 LMC를 출범시켜 기존 확대메콩지역(GMS) 내 ‘부분’ 참여국에서 ‘독자화’와 ‘대형화’를 추구하는 ‘전면’ 참여국으로 전환하였다. 중국 쿤밍-라오스 비엔티안을 연결하는 철도 인프라 구축은 중국의 대 메콩 협력에 상징적인 사건이다. 2021년 12월 첫 철도 운영을 시작한 라오스는 산업구조의 다변화, 코로나19로 타격을 입은 관광 산업의 회복, 라오스 정치 엘리트의 정당성 확보 등에서 긍정적인 기대를 하고 있다. 그러나 라오스는 중국에 대한 과도한 의존과 대외 채무의 증가에 따른 이자 부담의 급증이라는 부정적 요소를 극복해야할 과제를 안고 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the importance of the Mekong Basin in China's the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) policy and the main features of Mekong governance, which is Lanchang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC). In addition, China's strategy for the Kunming-Vientiane railway project and the positive and negative effects of Laos are analyzed. LMC was launched to strengthen governance in the border region, while shifting from a partial participant in the existing Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) to a full-scale participant seeking independence and magnification. The construction of a railway infrastructure linking Kunming, China and Vientiane, Laos, is a symbolic infrastructure event for China's cooperation with the Mekong region. Laos, which first started operating the railway in December 2021, has positive expectations in diversifying its industrial structure, recovering the tourism industry hit by COVID-19, and securing the legitimacy of the political elite of Laos. However, it has a task to overcome the negative factors of excessive dependence on China and a surge in interest burden due to increased external debt.
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