Scope-marking strategies in the acquisition of long-distance wh-movement in L2 English by adult Mongolian speakers
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study investigates whether more economical derivations predate less economical ones in the acquisition of long-distance (LD) wh-movement in second language (L2) English. Production data of LD wh-movement have been elicited from 97 adult Mongolian speakers in Ulaanbaatar. The participants were at the age between 19 and 23 (female = 94, male = 3, mean age = 20), who were classified into advanced and developing groups. While LD wh-movement was infrequently observed, wh-scope marking predominantly emerged, possibly because it dispenses with Internal Merge of the wh-phrase pied-piping Q across the clausal boundary. On the other hand, the developing group depended more on silent-scope marking, possibly because the wh-expletive might not have been available in their lexicon. Moreover, the advanced group initially displaced the least possible elements containing the wh-phrase when attempting to derive LD wh-movement, while the developing group could not even displace any elements but spelled-out the wh-phrase in situ. Overall, economy conditions in language acquisition turns out to govern the Mongolian-English interlanguage; hence, more economical derivations emerge at the onset as long as they are admissible, not necessarily grammatical.
Abstract
This study investigates whether more economical derivations predate less economical ones in the acquisition of long-distance (LD) wh-movement in second language (L2) English. Production data of LD wh-movement have been elicited from 97 adult Mongolian speakers in Ulaanbaatar. The participants were at the age between 19 and 23 (female = 94, male = 3, mean age = 20), who were classified into advanced and developing groups. While LD wh-movement was infrequently observed, wh-scope marking predominantly emerged, possibly because it dispenses with Internal Merge of the wh-phrase pied-piping Q across the clausal boundary. On the other hand, the developing group depended more on silent-scope marking, possibly because the wh-expletive might not have been available in their lexicon. Moreover, the advanced group initially displaced the least possible elements containing the wh-phrase when attempting to derive LD wh-movement, while the developing group could not even displace any elements but spelled-out the wh-phrase in situ. Overall, economy conditions in language acquisition turns out to govern the Mongolian-English interlanguage; hence, more economical derivations emerge at the onset as long as they are admissible, not necessarily grammatical.
참고문헌 (71)
- Asproudi, Evangelia K., "Major trends in theoretical and applied linguistics. Volume 2 – Selected papers from the 20th ISTAL", pp.199~218 (2014), Versita
- Bailey, Laura Rudall, "The syntax of question particles", Ph.D., pp.2013
- Barbiers, Sjef, "Syntactic doubling and the structure of wh-chains", Journal of Linguistics, 46, pp.1~46 (2010)
- Bošković, Željko, "The copy theory of movement", pp.13~74 (2007), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Bruening, Benjamin, "Differences between the wh-scope-marking and wh-copy constructions in Passamaquoddy", Linguistic Inquiry, 37, pp.25~49 (2006)
- Cable, Seth, "The grammar of Q: Q-particles, wh-movement, and pied-piping" (2010), Oxford University Press
- Çelik-Yazici, Ilkay, "A study of the effects of processing instruction on the development of English wh-questions used by Turkish EFL learners", Ph.D., pp.2007
- Chomsky, Noam, "The minimalist program" (1995), MIT Press
- Chomsky, Noam, "Step by step: Essays in honor of Howard Lasnik", pp.89~156 (2000), MIT Press
- Chomsky, Noam, "The cartography of syntactic structures. Vol. 3, structures and beyond", pp.104~131 (2004), Oxford University Press
- Chomsky, Noam, "Three factors in language design", Linguistic Inquiry, 36, pp.1~22 (2005)
- Chomsky, Noam, "Foundational issues in linguistic theory: Essays in honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud", pp.133~166 (2008), MIT Press
- Chomsky, Noam, "Problems of projection", Lingua, 130, pp.33~49 (2013)
- Corver, Norbert, "The copy theory of movement" (2007), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Crain, Stephen, "Investigations in universal grammar: A guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics" (1998), MIT Press
- Dayal, Veneeta, "Scope marking as indirect wh-dependency", Natural Language Semantics, 2, pp.137~170 (1994)
- den Dikken, Marcel, "On the distribution of successive-cyclicity: Adjunction, resumption and scope marking as the roads to success in long-distance relation building", Ms., pp.2009
- Uujinbai Dolgormaa, "Effects of language proficiency on the acquisition of L2 long-distance multiple wh-questions", 박사, Dept. of English Language and Literature, pp.2014
- Du Plessis, Hans, "Wh-movement in Afrikaans", Linguistic Inquiry, 8, pp.723~726 (1977)
- Fanselow, Gisbert., "The blackwell companion to syntax, Vol. III", pp.437~492 (2006), Blackwell Publishing
- Felser, Claudia, "Wh-expletives and secondary predication : German partial wh-movement reconsidered", Journal of Germanic Linguistics, 13, pp.5~38 (2001)
- Felser, Claudia, "Wh-copying, phases, and successive cyclicity", Lingua, 114, pp.543~574 (2004)
- Frank, Joshua, "Derivational complexity effects in bilingual adults: Instances of interrogative inversion in Spanish", Selected proceedings of the 16th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, pp.143~155 (2013), Cascadilla Proceedings Project
- Gutiérrez, María Junkal, "A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain", pp.264~288 (2008), Multilingual Matters Ltd
- Gutiérrez, María Junkal, "The acquisition of English LD wh-questions by Basque", Spanish Bilingual Subjects in a School Context, University of the Basque Country, 2005
- Gutiérrez, María Junkal, "The acquisition of syntax in Romance languages", pp.251~287 (2006), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Haida, Andreas, "Reconsidering the indirect dependency approach to wh-scope marking", Proceedings of semantics and linguistic theory XVII, pp.130~147 (2007), Cornell University
- Halle, Morris, "The view from Building 20: Essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger", pp.111~176 (1993), MIT Press
- Hiemstra, Inge, "Some aspects of wh-questions in Frisian", North-Western European Language Evolution, 8, pp.97~110 (1986)
- Hong, Sun Ho, "Aspects of the syntax of wh-questions in English and Korean", Ph.D., pp.2005
- Horvath, Julia, "The status of “wh-expletives” and the partial wh-movement construction of Hungarian", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 15, pp.509~572 (1997)
- Jakubowicz, Celia, "Scope-marking strategies in the acquisition of long distance wh-question in French and Dutch", Language and Speech, 51, pp.101~132 (2008)
- Jakubowicz, Celia, "Measuring derivational complexity: New evidence from typically developing and SLI learners of L1 French", Lingua, 121, pp.339~351 (2011)
- Kishimoto, Hideki, "Wh-in-situ and movement in Sinhala questions", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 23, pp.1~51 (2005)
- Koster, Jan, "IM not perfect: The case against copying", Ms., pp.2009
- 이일재, "On the Acquisition of Wh-Scope Marking in Korean-English Interlanguage", 언어와언어학, (57), pp.159~196 (2012), 언어연구소
- Legate, Julie Anne, "Warlpiri wh-scope marking", Syntax, 14, pp.97~121 (2011)
- Liceras, Juana M., "Complex wh-questions in non-native Spanish and non-native German: Does input matter?", Selected proceedings of the 13th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, pp.139~149 (2011), Cascadilla Proceedings Project
- Lubańska, Maja, "Wh-scope marking in Polish", Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 39, pp.73~88 (2004)
- Lutz, Uli, Gereon Müller, "Wh-scope marking", pp.1~16 (2000), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- McDaniel, Dana, "Parameters for wh-movement types: Evidence from child English", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 13, pp.709~753 (1995)
- McDaniel, Dana, "Partial and multiple wh-movement", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 7, pp.565~604 (1989)
- Narita, Hiroki, "Phasing in full interpretation", Ph.D., pp.2011
- Oiry, Magda, "The acquisition of syntax in Romance languages", pp.289~315 (2006), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Oiry, Magda, "A case of true optionality: Wh-in-situ patterns like long movement in French", Linguistic Analysis, 37, pp.112~136 (2011)
- Okawara, Izumi, "On the acquisition of long-distance wh-questions by Japanese learners of English", BA, pp.2000
- Pankau, Andreas, "Replacing copies: The syntax of wh-copying in German" (2013), LOT Publications
- Pesetsky, David, "Ken Hale: A life in language", pp.355~426 (2001), MIT Press
- Pesetsky, David, "Phrasal and clausal architecture: Syntactic derivation and interpretation", pp.262~294 (2007), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Radford, Andrew, "Analysing English sentences: A minimalist approach" (2009), Cambridge University Press
- Rizzi, Luigi, "Wh-movement: Moving On", pp.97~133 (2006), MIT Press
- Rizzi, Luigi, "The complementizer phase: Subjects and operators", pp.17~32 (2010), Oxford University Press
- Scheidnes, Maureen, "Movement and clitics: Adult and child grammar", pp.185~213 (2010), Cambridge Scholars Publishing
- Schippers, Ankelien, "Language variation – European perspectives III, Studies in Language Variation", pp.123~134 (2011), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Schippers, Ankelien, "Partial wh-movement and wh-copying in Dutch: Evidence for an indirect dependency approach", Ms., pp.2009
- Schulz, Barbara, "Syntactic creativity in second language English : wh-scope marking in Japanese-English interlanguage", Second Language Research, 27, pp.313~341 (2011)
- Slavkov, Nikolay, "Long-distance wh-movement and long-distance wh-movement avoidance in L2 English : Evidence from French and Bulgarian speakers", Second Language Research, 31, pp.179~210 (2015)
- Stepanov, Arthur, "Successive cyclicity as residual wh-scope marking", Lingua, 116, pp.2107~2153 (2006)
- Stepanov, Arthur, "Wh-scope marking in Slavic", Studia Linguistica, 54, pp.1~40 (2000)
- Stjepanović, Sandra, "The copy theory of movement", pp.219~248 (2007), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Strik, Nelleke, "L’acquisition des phrases interrogatives chez les enfants francophones", Psychologie Francaise, 52, pp.27~39 (2007)
- Strik, Nelleke, "Derivational contrasts in Dutch and French : Evidence from the acquisition of long distance wh-questions", Linguistics in the Netherlands, 21, pp.91~102 (2009)
- Strik, Nelleke, "Wh-questions in child bilingual acquisition of French : Derivational complexity and cross-linguistic influence", Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 57, pp.133~151 (2012)
- Thornton, Rosalind, "Adventures in long-distance Moving: The acquisition of complex wh-questions", Ph.D., pp.1990
- Thornton, Rosalind, "Referentiality and wh-movement in child English : Juvenile d-linkuency", Language Acquisition, 4, pp.139~175 (1995)
- Umeda, Mari, "Wh-scope marking in English-Japanese interlanguage", Proceedings of the 2nd conference on generative approaches to language acquisition North America (GALANA), pp.437~447 (2007), Cascadilla Proceedings Project
- Van Kampen, Jacqueline, "First steps in wh-movement" (1997), Ponsen and Looijen
- Van Riemsdijk, Henk, "Studies in generative grammar and language acquisition: A report on recent trends in linguistics", pp.5~16 (1983), International Christian University
- Wakabayashi, Shigenori, "Generative approaches to the acquisition of English by native speakers of Japanese", pp.215~245 (2003), Mouton de Gruyter
- Watanabe, Akira, "Subjacency and S-structure movement of wh-in-situ", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 1, pp.255~291 (1992)
- Yamane, Maki, "On interaction of first language transfer and Universal Grammar in adult second language acquisition: Wh-movement in L1-Japanese", L2-English interlanguage, The University of Connecticut, 2003
