On the Acquisition of Wh-Questions and Its Theoretical Implication in English Education1
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This paper brings about the emergence of a sort of long-distance (LD) wh-question in the production of L2 English, which is called wh-scope marking (WSM). Although this structure is ungrammatical in English grammar, children acquiring English as mother tongue and adults acquiring it as a second language (L2) undergo a developmental stage of WSM prior to the production of grammatical LD wh-question. However, L2 learners like Korean and Mongolian adults seem to be literally fossilized with WSM, which is indeed not very unnatural, as this structure is readily available in natural languages like Romani, Hindi, Hungarian, Russian, among others. As this paper adopts the Indirect Dependency approach over the Direct Dependency approach, between the wh-expletive ‘what’ in matrix Spec-CP and its commanding embedded CP. It is argued that the wh-expletive is a last resort to realize the structure as a wh-question, not a bi-clausal yes-no question such as *Do you think who bought the clothes? The meaningful ‘who’ in embedded Spec-CP has failed to pied-pipe the Quantifier Phrase (QP) to matrix Spec-CP, possibly due to immaturity of English grammar. Hence, the QP draws on ‘what’ as a temporary Q-morpheme indicating that the intended question is a wh-question, not a yes-no question.
Abstract
This paper brings about the emergence of a sort of long-distance (LD) wh-question in the production of L2 English, which is called wh-scope marking (WSM). Although this structure is ungrammatical in English grammar, children acquiring English as mother tongue and adults acquiring it as a second language (L2) undergo a developmental stage of WSM prior to the production of grammatical LD wh-question. However, L2 learners like Korean and Mongolian adults seem to be literally fossilized with WSM, which is indeed not very unnatural, as this structure is readily available in natural languages like Romani, Hindi, Hungarian, Russian, among others. As this paper adopts the Indirect Dependency approach over the Direct Dependency approach, between the wh-expletive ‘what’ in matrix Spec-CP and its commanding embedded CP. It is argued that the wh-expletive is a last resort to realize the structure as a wh-question, not a bi-clausal yes-no question such as *Do you think who bought the clothes? The meaningful ‘who’ in embedded Spec-CP has failed to pied-pipe the Quantifier Phrase (QP) to matrix Spec-CP, possibly due to immaturity of English grammar. Hence, the QP draws on ‘what’ as a temporary Q-morpheme indicating that the intended question is a wh-question, not a yes-no question.
참고문헌 (25)
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