Interlanguage Syntactic Structures Fundamentally Different from L1 English
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper argues that syntactic derivations and structures in L2 English are fundamentally different from those in L1 English, but similar to those in some other languages. The computational system for L2 learners may not function on a par with native speakers, particularly when moving the wh-phrase and related lexical items from their base positions to a clause-initial position. Consequently, L2 learners rely on alternative derivations that are more economical and necessitate less processing burden. When they intend to derive long-distance (LD) wh-questions such as Who do you think bought the clothes?, wh-scope marking such as *What do you think who bought the clothes? arises as a predominant alternative structure. On the other hand, when they intend to derive a pied-piping structure such as For which bus are you waiting? or a preposition stranding structure such as Which bus are you waiting for?, null-prepositional construction (NPCs) such as *Which bus are you waiting? arises a terminal structure for average L2 learners. Wh-scope marking and NPCs are ungrammatical in (L1) English, although quite viable in L2 English. However, these systematic ungrammatical L2 structures are legitimate in other natural languages, which leads us to claim that they are inevitable and in essence perfectly natural in the course of L2 acquisition due to economy reasons.
Abstract
This paper argues that syntactic derivations and structures in L2 English are fundamentally different from those in L1 English, but similar to those in some other languages. The computational system for L2 learners may not function on a par with native speakers, particularly when moving the wh-phrase and related lexical items from their base positions to a clause-initial position. Consequently, L2 learners rely on alternative derivations that are more economical and necessitate less processing burden. When they intend to derive long-distance (LD) wh-questions such as Who do you think bought the clothes?, wh-scope marking such as *What do you think who bought the clothes? arises as a predominant alternative structure. On the other hand, when they intend to derive a pied-piping structure such as For which bus are you waiting? or a preposition stranding structure such as Which bus are you waiting for?, null-prepositional construction (NPCs) such as *Which bus are you waiting? arises a terminal structure for average L2 learners. Wh-scope marking and NPCs are ungrammatical in (L1) English, although quite viable in L2 English. However, these systematic ungrammatical L2 structures are legitimate in other natural languages, which leads us to claim that they are inevitable and in essence perfectly natural in the course of L2 acquisition due to economy reasons.
참고문헌 (28)
- Baker, Mark, "Incorporation" (1988), Chicago University Press
- Barbiers, Sjef, "Syntactic doubling and the structure of wh-chains", Journal of Linguistics, 46, pp.1~46 (2010)
- Bardovi-Harlig, Katherine, "Markedness and salience in second-language acquisition", Language Learning, 37, pp.385~407 (1987)
- Bruening, Benjamin, "Differences between the wh-scope-marking and wh-copy constructions in Passamaquoddy", Linguistic Inquiry, 37, pp.25~49 (2006)
- Chomsky, Noam, "The Minimalist Program" (1995), MIT Press
- Minimalist inquiries: The framework, "Chomsky, Noam", MIT Press, ~, pp.MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 15 (1998)
- Chomsky, Noam, "The Cartography of Syntactic Structures. Vol. 3, Structures and Beyond", pp.104~131 (2004), Oxford University Press
- Chomsky, Noam, "Foundational Issues in Linguistic Theory: Essays in Honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud", pp.133~166 (2008), MIT Press
- Cook, Vivian, "Second Language Learning and Language Teaching" (2016), Routledge
- Dayal, Veneeta, "Scope marking as indirect wh dependency", Natural Language Semantics, 2, pp.137~170 (1994)
- Dekydtspotter, Laurent, "Interlanguage A-bar dependencies: binding construals null prepositions and Universal Grammar", Second Language Research, 14, pp.341~358 (1998)
- Felser, Claudia, "Wh-copying, phases, and successive cyclicity", Lingua, 114, pp.543~574 (2004)
- Fox, Danny, "Antecedent-contained deletion and the copy theory of movement", Linguistic Inquiry, 33, pp.63~96 (2002)
- Gregg, Kevin, "Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition", pp.15~40 (1989), Cambridge University Press
- Hiemstra, Inge, "Some aspects of wh-questions in Frisian", NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution, 8(1), pp.97~110 (1986)
- Horvath, Julia, "The status of “WH-expletives” and the partial WH-movement construction of Hungarian", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 15, pp.509~572 (1997)
- Jakubowicz, Celia, "Measuring derivational complexity: New evidence from typically developing and SLI learners of L1 French", Lingua, 121, pp.339~351 (2011)
- Klein, Elaine, "(Mis)construing null prepositions in L2 intergrammars: a commentary and proposal", Second Language Research, 17, pp.37~70 (2001)
- Lardiere, Donna, "The Role of Formal Features in Second Language Acquisition", pp.106~140 (2008), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- 이일재, "The Acquisition of Null Prep Constructions and the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis", 영어영문학연구, 49(2), pp.181~205 (2007), 한국중앙영어영문학회
- 이일재, "On the Acquisition of Wh-Scope Marking in Korean-English Interlanguage", 언어와언어학, (57), pp.159~196 (2012), 언어연구소
- Legate, Julie Anne, "Warlpiri wh-scope marking", Syntax, 14, pp.97~121 (2011)
- Lubańska, Maja, "Wh-scope marking in Polish", Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 39, pp.73~88 (2004)
- McDaniel, Dana, "Partial and multiple WH-movement", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 7, pp.565~604 (1989)
- Munn, Alan, "A minimalist account of reconstruction asymmetries", Proceedings of NELS, 24, pp.397~410 (1994)
- Radford, Andrew, "Analysing English sentences: A Minimalist Approach" (2009), Cambridge University Press
- Rizzi, Luigi, "Relativized Minimality" (1990), The MIT Press
- Stepanov, Arthur, "Successive cyclicity as residual wh-scope marking", Lingua, 116, pp.2107~2153 (2006)