본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

중소기업의 정보기술 역량과 기술혁신 양면성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 환경 동태성의 영향을 중심으로

A Study on the Effect of Information Technology and Ambidexterity of SMEs on the Business Performance : Emphasis with Environmental Dynamism

서영욱|최도영
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2021.08|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제28권 제4호|pp. 119-143

0

조회

0

다운로드

9

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

ExplorationIT CompetencyAmbidexterityExploitation환경 동태성Environmental Dynamism정보기술 역량기술혁신 양면성활용적 기술혁신탐험적 기술혁신
주제분류경영학

초록

단기적 혁신을 추구하는 활용적 혁신활동과 장기적 혁신을 추구하는 탐험적 혁신활동을 동시에 추구하는 개념인 기술혁신 양면성은 기업의 혁신활동을 설명하는 중심개념으로 간주되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기술혁신 양면성과 관련된 요인 중 정보기술 역량과 환경 동태성에 초점을 두고 이들이 기술혁신 양면성 및 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 국내 중소기업을 대상으로 실증연구를 수행하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 첫째, 정보기술 역량 중 정보기술 인프라와 정보기술 활용능력이 기술혁신 양면성의 두 가지 측면인 활용적 기술혁신과 탐험적 기술혁신 각각에 어떠한 영향을 미치며, 또 이들이 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 둘째, 환경 동태성의 정도에 따라 정보기술 역량이 기술혁신 양면성에 미치는 양상과 기술혁신 양면성이 경영성과에 미치는 양상에 차이가 있는지를 확인하였다. 실증분석 결과 정보기술 역량은 기술혁신 양면성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 기술혁신 양면성 또한 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 환경 동태성과 관련한 결과에서 주목해야 할 점은 동태성이 높아짐에 따라 정보기술 역량 중 정보기술 활용능력의 중요성이 높아진다는 점이며, 또 동태성이 높아짐에 따라 활용적 기술혁신보다 탐험적 기술혁신의 영향이 상대적으로 높아진다는 점이다. 본 연구의 결과는 기술혁신 양면성의 추구에 있어서 정보기술의 역할이 무엇인지와 환경 동태성에 따라 정보기술의 역할이 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지, 또 환경 동태성에 대응하는데 있어서 기술혁신 양면성의 두 활동 간 자원배분과 비중을 전략적으로 어떻게 조정해야 할 것인지에 대한 전략적 시사점을 제공해 주고 있다.

Abstract

Ambidexterity is regarded as a central concept to explain the innovation mechanism of firms, which simultaneously pursues exploratory activities that are related to long-term and disruptive innovation by creating new knowledge and exploitative activities that are related to short-term and incremental innovation using existing knowledge. Although there exist several affecting factors on ambidexterity and firm performance, this study focused on two – information technology and environmental dynamism. In view point of organizational resources anc capabilities, information technology is an essential means because ambidexterity basically conduct collection and sharing of in- formation inside and outside organization, and creating and sharing of new knowledge as well. Furthermore, dynamism is considered as an important environmental factor from the perspective of technological innovation as an organizational response to the environmental uncertainties. In this study information technology capability was considered as two sub-dimensions – information technology infrastructure and information technology utilization ability – and ambidexteiry was studied in two perspectives – exploitation and exploration. Specifically research hypotheses were established to confirm the causal relationship between information technology capabilities, innovation ambidexterity, and business performance. Furthermore, in order to investigate the moderating effect of environmental dynamism on causal relationships, we divided the whole samples into two groups according to the degree of environmental dynamism – the group with high environmental dynamism and the group with low environmental dynamism – and compared whether there are differences in the causal pathway. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, analysis result of the influencing relationship between information technology and the ambidexterity showed that both information technology infrastructure and information technology utilization ability were found to have a positive(+) effect on both exploitation and exploration. Through these empirical results, it can be confirmed that in- formation technology infrastructure and information technology utilization ability not only have an important effect on both exploitative innovation activities and explorative innovation activities that constitute the two perspectives of technological innovation, but also are organizational capabilities and resources to achieve the two perspectives of technological innovation. Secondly, as an analysis result of the relationship between ambidexterity and business performance, it was found that both innovation activities – exploitation and exploration – had a positive(+) effect on business performance. Also, as a result of analyzing the path coefficient, it was found that the effect of exploitation activities on business performance was higher than that of exploration activities on business performance. Since exploitation mainly refers to activities related to short-term innovation and exploration mainly means carrying out activities related to long-term innovation, the effect on business performance seemed to be high in exploitation in this study. Therefore, when establishing a strategy in practice, in the performance evaluation, there is inevitably a difference in the type and duration of performance creation between exploitation activities and exploration activities, so performance type and criteria should be established reflecting the characteristics of each innovation activities. Thirdly, one of the main focus of this study was whether there was a difference in the way that information technology capabilities affect the ambidexterity according to the degree of environmental dynamism, and the effect of exploitation and exploration on business performance. First of all, in the case of the group with low environmental dynamism, both information technology infrastructure and information utilization ability acted as factors influencing exploitation and exploration. However, only the information technology utilization ability acted as a factor influencing exploitation and exploration in the case of the group with high environmental dynamism. These results are inferred to be a phenomenon that occurs due to the nature of dynamism. High dynamism means that the degree of instability and change in the market is large, such as shortening the product life cycle as customer demands change rapidly. It can be interpreted that the information technology utilization ability becomes more important for firms to increase their ability to sense and respond to the market. Next, according to the degree of environmental dynamism, the result investigating whether there was a difference in the effect of two perspectives of ambidexterity showed that the effect of exploration on business performance was relatively high in the group with high environmental dynamism and the effect of exploitation on business performance was relatively high in the group with low environmental dynamism. The results of this study show what the role of information technology is in pursuing ambidexterity, how the role of information technology can change according to environmental dynamism, and resource allocation between the two activities of innovation in response to environmental dynamism.

참고문헌 (69)

  1. 강성배, "정보기술 능력이 기업성과에 미치는 영향 : 동적 공급사슬 협업 능력을 중심으로", 인터넷전자상거래연구, 13(2), pp.217~235 (2013), 한국인터넷전자상거래학회
  2. 김국태, "동적역량과 경쟁우위: 환경동태성의 조절효과를 중심으로", 전략경영연구, 19(3), pp.81~103 (2016), 한국전략경영학회[DOI]
  3. 김주영, "정보기술발전에 따른 마케팅의 변화 방향에 관현 연구", 마케팅연구, 12(2), pp.171~198 (1997)
  4. 박찬권, "환경 불확실성 상황에서 Smart SCM 관점의 민첩성 역량이 공급사슬성과에 미치는 영향", 기업경영연구, 25(5), pp.63~90 (2018), 한국기업경영학회
  5. 서영복, "환경 불확실성과 공급사슬 가시성 및 공급사슬성과 간의 관계에 대한 연구", 기업경영연구, 24(6), pp.63~82 (2017), 한국기업경영학회
  6. 성민, "환경의 동태성이 네트워크 차원과 관계특성을 매개로 갈등에 미치는 영향", 기업경영연구, 16(3), pp.163~186 (2009), 한국기업경영학회
  7. 오재인, "한미간 마케팅정보시스템 운영실태 비교", 경영과학, 13(3), pp.129~141 (1996)
  8. 윤점홍, "공급기업의 관계마케팅 노력이 관계성과에 미치는 영향에 있어서 구매전략과 환경 동태성의 조절효과에 관한 연구", 대한경영학회지, 31(12), pp.2323~2347 (2018), 대한경영학회[DOI]
  9. 정동섭, "IT 벤처기업의 양면형 조직과 환경의 동태성 및 기업성과에 관한 실증연구", 인적자원관리연구, 19(4), pp.205~218 (2012), 한국인적자원관리학회
  10. 최호준, "환경 동태성이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향: 양면성 혁신 인식수준의 매개효과를 중심으로", 관광경영연구, 22(1), pp.235~257 (2018), 관광경영학회[DOI]
  11. Alavi, M., "Review : Knowledge management and knowledge management systems : Conceptual foundations and research issues", MIS Quarterly, 25(1), pp.107~136 (2001)
  12. Auh, S., "Balancing exploration and exploitation : The moderating role of competitive intensity", Journal of Business Research, 58, pp.1652~1661 (2005)
  13. Barron, G., "Small feedback-based decisions and their limited correspondence to description-based decisions", Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16(3), pp.215~233 (2003)
  14. Benitez, J., "How information technology influences opportunity exploration and exploitation firm’s capabilities", Informations and Management, 55(4), pp.508~523 (2018)[DOI]
  15. Benner, M. J., "Exploitation, exploration, and process management : The productivity dilemma revisited", Academy of Management Review, 28, pp.238~256 (2003)
  16. Bharadwaj, A. S., "A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance : An empirical investigation", MIS Quarterly, 24(1), pp.169~196 (2000)
  17. Chin, W. W., "On the use, usefulness, and ease of use of structural equation modeling in MIS research : A note of caution", MIS Quarterly, 19(2), pp.237~246 (1995)
  18. Christensen, C. M., "Disruptive innovation : An intellectual history and directions for future research", Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), pp.1043~1078 (2018)
  19. Daft, R. I., "Organizational information requirements, media richness, and structural design", Management Science, 32(5), pp.554~571 (1986)
  20. Dess, G. G., "Dimensions of organizational task environments", Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1), pp.52~73 (1984)
  21. Duncan, R. B., "Characteristics of organizational environment and perceived environmental uncertainty", Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(3), pp.313~327 (1972)
  22. Fornell, C., "Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement errors", Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), pp.39~50 (1981)
  23. Gibson, C. B., "The antecedents, consequences, and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity", Academy of Management Journal, 47, pp.209~226 (2004)
  24. Gittins, A. C., "Bandit processes and dynamic allocation indices", Journal of the Royal Statistical Series B, 41, pp.148~177 (1979)
  25. Goldstein, S. M., "The service concept : The missing link in service design research", Journal of Operations Management, 20(2), pp.121~134 (2002)
  26. Gonzalez, R. V., "The effects of organization context on knowledge exploration and exploitation", Journal of Business Research, 90, pp.215~225 (2018)
  27. Hahn, M. H., "Network structure, organizational learning culture, and employee creativity in system integration companies : The mediating effects of exploitation and exploration", Computers in Human Behavior, 42, pp.167~175 (2015)
  28. Hair, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis: With readings" (1998), Prentice Hall
  29. Harry, B., "How Nokia failed to nail the smartphone merket", Proceedings of 25th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (2014)
  30. He, Z., "Exploration vs. exploitation:An empirical test of ambidexterity", Organization Science, 15, pp.481~494 (2004)
  31. Jansen, J. J. P., "Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity: How do organizational antecedents matter?", Academy of Management Journal, 48, pp.999~1015 (2005)
  32. Jansen, J. J. P., "Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and performance : Effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators", Management Science, 52(11), pp.1661~1674 (2006)
  33. Jansen, J. J. P., "Strategic leadership for exploration and exploitation : The moderating role of environmental dynamism", The Leadership Quarterly, 20, pp.5~18 (2009)
  34. Kane, G. C., "Information technology and organizational learning : An investigation of exploration and exploitation processes", Organization Science, 18(5), pp.796~812 (2007)
  35. Kyriakopoulos, K., "Tradeoff in marketing exploitation and exploration strategies : The overlooked role of market orientation", Research in Marketing, 21, pp.219~240 (2004)
  36. Lapointe, L., "Getting physicians to accept new information technology : Insights from case studies", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(11), pp.1573~1578 (2006)
  37. Lavie, D., "Balancing exploration and exploitation in alliance formation", Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), pp.797~818 (2006)
  38. Levinthal, D. A., "Adaptation on rugged landscapes", Management Science, 43, pp.934~950 (1997)
  39. Li, Y., "Exploration and exploitation in innovation : Reframing the interpretation", Creativity and Innovation Management, 17(2), pp.107~126 (2008)
  40. Liu, W., "Knowledge exploitation, knowledge exploration, and competency trap", Knowledge and Process Management, 13(3), pp.144~161 (2006)
  41. Lu, Y., "Does information technology always lead to better firm performance? The role of environmental dynamism", ICIS 2004Proceedings, pp.20~ (2004)
  42. Lubatkin, M. H., "Ambidexterity and performance in small-to-medium-sized firms : The pivotal role of top management team behavioral integration", Journal of Management, 32(5), pp.646~672 (2006)
  43. March, J. G., "Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning", Organization Science, 2(1), pp.71~87 (1991)
  44. Mata, F. J., "Information technology and sustained competitive advantage : A resource-based analysis", MIS Quarterly, 19(4), pp.487~505 (1995)
  45. McArthur, A. W., "Environmental dynamism, complexity, and munificence as moderators of strategy performance relationships", Journal of Business Research, 23(4), pp.349~361 (1991)
  46. Melville, N., "Review : Information technology and organizational performance : An integrated model of IT business value", MIS Quarterly, 28(2), pp.283~322 (2004)
  47. Miller, D., "The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy", Strategic Management Journal, 8(1), pp.55~76 (1987)
  48. Miller, D., "Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms : Two models of strategic momentum", Strategic Management Journal, 3(1), pp.1~25 (1982)
  49. Newbert, S. L., "Value, rareness, competitive advantage, and performance : A conceptual-level empirical investigation of the resource-based view of the firm", Strategic Management Journal, 29, pp.745~768 (2008)
  50. Nunnally, J. C., "Psychometric theory" (1994), The McGraw-Hill Companies
  51. O’Reilly III, C. A., "Ambidexterity as a dynamic capability : Revolving the innovator’s dilemma", Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, pp.185~206 (2008)
  52. Oh, L., "The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on firm performance", Journal of Operations Management, 30, pp.368~381 (2012)
  53. Pentland, B. T., "Information systems and organizational learning : The social epistemology of organizational knowledge systems", Accounting Management Information Technology, 5(1), pp.1~21 (1995)
  54. Perez-Lopez, S., "Information technology competency, knowledge processes and firm performance", Industrial Management & Data Systems, 112(4), pp.644~662 (2012)
  55. Powell, T. C., "Information technology as competitive advantage : The role of human, business, and technology resources", Strategic Management Journal, 18(5), pp.375~405 (1997)
  56. Raisch, S., "Organizational ambidexterity : Antecedents, outcomes, and moderators", Journal of Management, 34, pp.375~409 (2008)
  57. Raisch, S., "Organizational ambidexterity : Balancing exploitation and exploration for sustained performance", Organization Science, 20(4), pp.685~695 (2009)
  58. Rivard, S., "Resource-based view and competitive strategy : An integrated model of the contribution of information technology to firm performance", The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 15(1), pp.29~50 (2006)
  59. Sambamurthy, V., "Special issue on information technologies and knowledge management", MIS Quarterly, 29(1), pp.1~7 (2005)
  60. Santhanam, R., "Issues in linking information technology capability to firm performance", MIS Quarterly, 27(1), pp.125~153 (2003)
  61. Siggelkow, N., "Temporarily divide to conquer : Centralized, decentralized, and reintegrated organizational approaches to exploration and exploitation", Organization Science, 14, pp.650~669 (2003)
  62. Sirmon, D. G., "Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value : Looking inside the black box", Academy of Management Review, 32(1), pp.273~292 (2007)
  63. Tippins, M. J., "IT competency and firm performance : Is organizational learning a missing link", Strategic Management Journal, 24(8), pp.745~761 (2003)
  64. Tushman, M. L., "Information processing as an integrating concept in organizational design", Academy of Management Review, 3(3), pp.613~624 (1978)
  65. Tushman, M. L., "Organizational ambidexterity : Past, present and future", Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4), pp.324~338 (2013)
  66. Wade, M., "Review : The resource-based view and information systems research : Review, extension, and suggestions for future research", MIS Quarterly, 28(1), pp.107~142 (2004)
  67. Wang, Y., "Building supply chain resilience through ambidexteiry: An information processing perspective", International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, pp.1~18 (2021)[DOI]
  68. Weinzimmer, L. G., "Measuring organizational growth : Issues and consequences", Journal of Management, 24(2), pp.235~262 (1998)
  69. Zhang, W., "Managing strategic contradictions : A resource allocation mechanism for balancing ambidexterous innovation", Computers in Human Behavior, 107 (2020)[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

IT 벤처기업의 양면형 조직과 환경의 동태성 및 기업성과에 관한 실증연구정동섭한국인적자원관리학회 · 인적자원관리연구2012 · 제19권 제4호기업가지향성과 기업자원이 기술혁신성과와 기술혁신 양면성에 미치는 영향; 동적역량의 매개효과 중심으로이완재, 임왕규한국디지털정책학회 · 디지털융복합연구2017 · 제15권 제10호혁신형 중소기업의 혁신성과 환경의 동태성이 조직 양면성과 경영성과에 미치는 영향이희옥, 정동섭한국인적자원관리학회 · 인적자원관리연구2015 · 제22권 제1호기술혁신 중소기업의 조직양면성 구축과 운영에 대한 다차원적 연구김병근, 최상현기술경영경제학회 · 기술혁신연구2015 · 제23권 제4호환경과 다차원적 조직 양면성: 성과에 대한 함의임성준, 추승엽한국전략경영학회 · 전략경영연구2014 · 제17권 제2호기술혁신지향성과 기술혁신역량이 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향문창호한국기업경영학회 · 기업경영연구2016 · 제23권 제6호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)

개인-직무, 개인-조직 적합성, 일-삶의 균형, 향상초점과 조직시민행동과의 관계조윤형, 김지수pp. 1-25외식기업 운영형태 및 운영주체가 운영 효율성 및 생산성 변화에 미치는 영향 : 코로나19 전·후 비교를 중심으로방도형, 최규완pp. 27-43진정성 리더십이 구성원의 주관적 경력성공에 미치는 영향 : 팔로워십을 통한 조직공정성의 조절된 매개효과최준원pp. 45-77불신이 개인적 양면성에 미치는 영향 : 인지적 유연성과 의사소통의 조절효과이명호, 이욱기pp. 79-98총수출(Gross Exports)과 부가가치 수출(Value-Added Exports)의 결정요인 연구김주권, 김추연pp. 99-118
원문 보기