儒家 文人藝術의 寫意的 發顯處 : 文人畵

Abstract

A painting means a combination of color and line. A literati painting is a genre of a painting but on condition that the one who draws the literati painting must have learning and good character. A poem, handwriting and a drawing harmonized in a literati painting that has spirituality. And it is a kind of hobby enjoying with chinese ink. And it is characterized that it is moderate in using chinese ink and put much emphasis on meaning drawing. So confucian literati art pursues harmony between art and morals, art and philosophy. Pursuing harmony between art and morals is to stay aesthetic delight status through cultivating one’s moral character and establishing one’s personality. So confucian literati art could exist together. And pursuing harmony between art and philosophy means intention for metaphysical truth based on the proper way. The proper way means constant justice or natural principal. So it can be said that confucian literati art intends metaphysical virtue. Confucian literati art is characterized by meaning-drawing and it is well expressed in the literati paintings. This is the special property of a literati painting. There are three characteristics as follows. first, a literati painting comes into existence by using a metaphor. A confucian literati express himself through personified natural things such as Japanese apricot flower, orchid, chrysanthemum, bamboo and fine tree. Through personifying natural things they wants to imitate the natural things virtue. By using a metaphor being material for the literati paintings shows meaning of confucian literati. second, a literati painting expresses mostly through putting emphasis on spirit. Because confucian literati ́́s system of thinking based on putting emphasis on principle has characterized by pursuing aesthetic metaphysics and is expressed by meaning drawing. third, poem, handwriting, and painting are put together in good harmony. Usually confucian art are expressed by poem, handwriting, and painting, but especially a literati painting can show its beauty by perfect harmony with poem, handwriting, and painting. So a literati painting is characterized by using a metaphor, putting emphasis on spirit, harmony in poem, handwriting, and painting. So it can be said that confucian literati art is expressed mostly in a literati painting.