새로운 受援國(recepient states) 모델과 북한
The Study on the New Recipient States Model and North Korea
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취약국가(fragile states)란 용어는 2001년 9.11 테러사건을 기점으로 주목을 받기 시작한 것이다. 미국중심의 기존 국제질서에 새로운 과제와 파문을 일으켰던 9.11 테러사건은 이후 테러리즘의 온상으로서의 취약국가를 어떻게 포위하고 다룰 것인가하는 문제를 국가안보 내지 국제안보문제 차원에서 취급하게 하였으며, 이 문제는 비핵확산문제, 군비통제문제, 테러리즘 근절문제 등과 결부되고 내적으로는 군사적 개입문제와 인도주의적 문제 등이 복잡하게 연계되게 하였다. 이런 점에서 9. 11 테러사건은 기존 국제경제론에서 주로 광범위하게 사용되던 최빈개도국(Least Developed Countries)의 카테고리를 좀 더 국제정치론 쪽으로 경도된 취약국가론의 카테고리로 이동시키게 했으며, 이제 취약국가론은 21세기 새로운 국제질서와 안보환경을 아우르는 핵심적 주제로 부각되었다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 본 논문은 우선 국제개발기구 등에서 통용되는 ‘취약국가’의 모델을 분석하여 북한을 국제개발협력적 차원의 수원국으로서의 지위를 타진해본다. 대체로 국제사회에서 통용되는 개발협력적 모델은 UN, OECD/DAC, 세계은행 등의 모형을 기준으로 하고 있으나, 이들은 북한 등과 같이 개발협력의 능력은 있으나, 여러 가지 이유에서 의지가 미흡한 국가들을 포괄하는 모델로서는 취약하였다. 이런 점에서 본 논문은 이들을 포괄할 수 있는 새로운 모형을 제시하였으며, 향후 북한이 국제개발협력적 수원국으로서의 지위를 얻기위한 방안과 관련하여 남북협력기금의 ODA 규범 준용과 함께 새로운 한국형 ODA의 모형을 제안하고 있다.
Abstract
The events of September 11, 2001 taught us that fragile states, like Afghanistan, can pose as great a danger to our worldwide security as strong states. Poverty may not turn people intoterrorists, but poverty, weak institutions and corruption can make fragile states vulnerable to terrorist networks and cycle of mediocre. As result of that, nowadays the term of ‘fragile state’is more useful concept that it of ‘Least Developed Countries’ in world politics. Nowadays international official development assistance institutions such as, the World Bank Groups, OECD/DAC, UN, and Asian Development Bank are trying to recipient states with grants or confessional funds for development assistance. Nevertheless, such assistance targeted at national development is being hindered for various reasons. North Korea, has difficulties in accessing these grant funds due to problems in the provision of standards. Can North Korea has the status as fragile state which has been recognized as recipient state nowadays? This study compared various different models with the World Bank or OECD/DAC models. It focused on some difficult partnership states such as in North Korea, Myanmar and Zimbabwe. This model may enable the transfer of ODA funds to difficult partnership states by using the ODA tool. This thesis recommends that because North Korea is a sort of ‘difficult partnership states’, South Korea must not close thechannel for North Korea according to OECD/DAC tips. Maintaining channel can help North Korea not to slide into deadlock and system breakdown. And this thesis also recommends a new paradigm for helping North Korea. That is the way to utilize the Cooperative Mutual Fund for South and North Korea considering with ODA of OECD
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