주거부정 출소자에 대한 유권적 갱생보호 도입 방안
A Study on the Compulsory Aftercare System for Homeless Ex-offenders
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초록
우리나라의 출소자 재입소율은 2006년 기준 24.3%로 출소자 재복역률이 20%를 넘어서고 있는 추세에 있다. 또한 출소자 5명 중 한 명은 3년 이내 재범을 저질러 다시 교도소에 수감되는 심각한 상황으로 출소자 재범문제가 사회 공공의 안전을 위협하고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 우리나라의 갱생보호제도는 통상 주거부정자 본인 및 관계기관의 신청이나 동의가 있을 때에만 원조를 제공하는 임의적 갱생보호 (voluntary aftercare) 형식으로 규정되어 있어 한국 법무보호복지공단의 생활관 생활을 꺼려하는 비자발적 주거부정 범죄자에게는 적극적인 행동수정 및 사회복귀를 기대하기 어려운 현실에 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주거부정 출소자에 대한 문제점을 고찰해 보고 영국과 미국의 갱생보호 사례를 활용하여 우리나라에 적용할 수 있는 효과적인 유권적 갱생보호 도입 방안을 검토해 보도록 한다. 미국의 지역사회 거주센터 (community residential centers)와 함께 영국의 보호관찰 허가주택 (hostel-type accommodation, 일명 보호관찰 호스텔)을 살펴본 후 우리나라의 적용여부를 논하고 그 유권적 갱생보호 활용 방안을 구체적으로 제시해 본다. 특히 적용 시 반드시 고려해야 할 사항으로 출소자 기본권 침해문제와 고위험 범죄자 선별 문제, 법무보호복지공단 운영 주체의 문제 등을 함께 논의한다.
Abstract
Nearly twenty four percent of all parolees return to prisons after they are released from correctional facilities in Korea in 2006. Reconviction rates of parolees have grown significantly. Three out of five ex-offenders were reoffended within 3 years after they released. Futhermore most inmates leavemore mos without sufficient savings, without preparation for stable employment or housing. In this context, the topic of effective aftercare system for high risk offenders, specially for homeless ex-offenders is emerging as one of the key issues that Korean Ministry of Justice should deal with. However, housing support system for homeless offenders in Korea is designed to help parolees in a way that the offenders can receive housing support only when they voluntarily request of the aid to probation department. The voluntary aftercare system seems useful and helpful to the vulnerable parolees, but more serious insights and deep analysis are needed. Because most homeless offenders who do not have stable family relationships have problems of serious drug/alcohol addiction, physical/mental issues, and financial difficulties, it is almost impossible for them to assertively request the support of aftercare system in community when they are under the supervision of probation and parole officers. Effective supervision techniques by probation officers for parolees are complicated matters that deserve greater attention of compulsory aftercare system. After considering the implementation of housing support models that are made by Latessa and Allen (1997), this study challenges the legal and practical issues of the current voluntary housing system for homeless offenders. Significant and substantial implications in the compulsory housing support system for homeless ex-offenders are discussed on the basis of targeting appropriate offenders, practical financial support for shelters, and efficient partnerships between local agencies and governmental sectors.
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