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보건의료자원 배분의 우선순위 설정 기준에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰

A systematic review of priority setting in healthcare resource allocation

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

희소한 자원으로 인한 우선순위 결정의 문제는 효율성과 형평성으로 대표되는 여러 가지 기준에 대한 논의를 필요로 한다. 그러나 우리 사회에서 보건의료분야의 의사결정에 고려해야 할 사회적 가치에 대한 연구는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 국내 및 국외 학술 데이터베이스를 대상으로 보건의료분야에서 자원 배분에 대한 우선순위 설정 기준을 다룬 선행 연구에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰을 수행하였다. 검색된 4,386개 문헌을 대상으로 선택 및 배제 과정을 거쳐 70개 연구를 최종적으로 선정하였다. 2010년 이후에 수행된 연구가 가장 많았으며 주로 영국을 비롯한 유럽 국가에서 활발한 연구가 진행되었고 우리나라에서 수행된 연구는 10건이었다. 가장 많이 논의된 우선순위 기준은 질병의 위중도와 중재로 인한 건강 결과였다. 질병의 위중도가 심각할수록, 중재를 통해 얻을 수 있는 건강 결과가 클수록 높은 선호를 보였다. 개별 연구 간 사회적, 정치적, 문화적, 제도적 차이가 있음에도 불구하고 보편적으로 중요한 것으로 여겨지는 가치는 있는 것으로 확인되었으나 여러 연구 결과를 직접적으로 비교하는 것은 어려웠다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 우리 사회 구성원의 다양한 목소리를 반영한 우선순위 설정에 대한 연구가 활발해지기를 기대한다.

Abstract

Decision making in healthcare due to resource scarcity requires consideration for vaious criteria of priority setting like efficiency and equity. However, in Korea, there were not sufficient researches on the social values considered in allocation of healthcare resource. This study carried out a systematic review of priority setting in healthcare resource allocation. Ovid Medline, Embase, Econlit, Web of Science, RISS, and KISS were searched for English or Korean language publications. Initially, 4,386 articles were identified and 70 studies were finally selected. Most of the studies conducted after 2010. European countries including the UK did the most studies and 10 were conducted in Korea. The most frequently discussed criteria were severity of illness and health outcome of intervention. Patient with more severe disease and interventions having much greater health outcome were more preferred. Despite of social, political, cultural and methodological differences between the individual studies, it found that the common social value existed. But it was still difficult to compare criteria and their weights directly. Future studies on priority setting in healthcare will be need with more precise and sophisticated framework to reflect social value of stakeholders in Korea.

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