보건의료의사결정에 다기준결정분석(Multi-criteria decision analysis)의 활용가능성에 대한 탐색
Application of Multi-criteria Decision Analysis on Decision Making in Public Health
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초록
보건의료자원을 배분하는 의사결정의 합리성이 중요해지면서 여러 기준을 동시에 고려하여투명하고 체계적으로 의사결정에 도달하는 다기준결정분석 방식이 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 문헌고찰을 통해 이 방법의 여러 유형과 특징, 해외에서 적용된 경험에 대해 고찰하고국내 사례를 통해 다기준결정분석 모형의 유용성을 평가해보았다. 문헌고찰 결과, 외국에서는 다기준결정분석 방식이 의사결정에 관여하는 각 요소를 보다 체계적으로 고려하는 효율적 방법이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 국내에서는 다양한 분야의 7인으로 자문회의를 구성하여 다기준결정분석 모델의 각 항목에 가중치를 부여하게 한 뒤 약물방출스텐트에 이 항목별로 점수를 매겨 최종적인 평가를 도출하였다. 그 결과, 질병의 위중도, 질병의 영향을 받는 인구집단의 규모, 보고한 근거의 완결성과 일관성, 개인의 임상적 편익, 근거의 타당성과 관련성이 비교적 높은 점수를 받았고, 재정 영향, 다른 지출에 미치는 영향 등은 점수가 낮았으며 평가자들 간의 편차도 크게 나타났다. 다기준결정분석 방식이 기존의 의사결정 방식을 대체하는 것으로 이해하는 것은 주의를 요하나 다양한 기준이 관여하는 의사결정에서 비용-효과성으로 포괄되지 않는 다른 요소들을 보다 체계적이고 투명하게 고려하는 방법으로 수용할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Resource allocation and priority setting in public health is increasingly based on rational decision-making. Under this circumstance, multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) that considers various criteria and provides transparent and systematic evidence raises attention. This study reviewed the features and types of MCDA, and experiences in many countries through literature review, and investigated the possible application of MCDA approaches in Korea by conducting case study. The results of literature review showed that MCDA allowed decision-makers to consider multiple factors systematically and communicate their decisions transparently. In the case study, a seven-member committee was organized and assessed the drug-eluting stent (DES) using EVIDEM framework which is one of the MCDA methods. Although MCDA approach can not substitute current decision-making method, it will facilitate systematic and transparent approach to consider multiple factors other than cost-effectiveness.
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