『親和』:한일 교차(交差)와 월경(越境)의 공간
Shinwa: A Space of Intersection and Border-Crossings in Korea-japan Relations
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本稿は日本の民間親善団体である日韓親和会が発行した機関誌『親和』を対象に、戦後の日韓関係において形成された言説の形成の特質と、在韓日本人女性の問題が公的に浮上されていく過程を考察したものである。第一に、『親和』は日韓会談の決裂直後に民間友好を掲げて創刊されたが、実際には植民地支配責任の追及よりも、外交的危機に対応する「ヘゲモニー的言説空間」として機能した。第二に、初代編集者である船田享二は中立的な立場を保とうとしたものの、その記述には植民者的視点が残っていた。第三に、『親和』は国家間の交渉から排除された在韓日本人女性の問題を公的言説の領域へと導き、彼女たちの経験を「第二の戦後」という文脈のなかで、移住・定着・引揚が交差・越境する過程として再構成した。さらに、『親和』の紙面は在韓日本人女性の里帰りや引揚をめぐる問題を継続的に取り上げ、彼女たちを日韓両国の境界上に立つ「第三の空間」の主体として描き出した。しかし1970年代以降、彼女たちは引揚に伴う家族の離散や日本社会における差別といった新たな境界に直面し、『親和』はこれらの現実を公論化する場として機能するに至った。以上、『親和』は在韓日本人女性問題を媒介として、戦後日韓関係における不完全な和解と持続的緊張を可視化した言説空間として、重要な意義を有している。
Abstract
This study examines Shinwa, the bulletin published by the Japan–Korea Friendship Association, a private postwar friendship organization, to explore how discourses surrounding Japan–Korea relations were formed and how the issue of Japanese women residing in Korea emerged as a public concern. First, although Shinwa was launched in the wake of the collapse of the Japan–Korea negotiations under the banner of “bilateral friendship,” it in fact functioned as a hegemonic discursive space that sought to manage a diplomatic crisis rather than address Japan’s responsibility for colonial rule. Second, its founding editor, Funada Kyoji, sought to maintain a neutral stance, yet his writings retained a colonial gaze that revealed the lingering structures of imperial consciousness. Third, Shinwa brought into public discourse the issue of Japanese women in Korea—excluded from state-level negotiations—and reconfigured their experiences within the framework of a “second postwar,” depicting their trajectories of migration, settlement, and repatriation as processes of crossing and transgression between nations. Furthermore, Shinwa repeatedly featured accounts of these women’s visits and returns to Japan, presenting them as subjects situated within a “third space” on the border between Japan and Korea. By the 1970s, however, these women confronted new boundaries—such as family separation caused by repatriation and social discrimination within Japan—and Shinwa came to serve as a platform that publicly articulated these realities. In sum, Shinwa functioned as a discursive arena that, through the mediation of the Japanese women in Korea, rendered visible both the incomplete reconciliation and the persistent tensions that characterized postwar Japan–Korea relations.