풍납토성 평기와의 제작공정에 따른 제작기법 특징과 변화

Abstract

Amongst the roof tiles of the Hanseong phase of the Baekje Kingdom, those from Pungnaptoseong are of the highest quality and comprise a wide range of styles. Therefore, an examination of these Pungnaptoseong roof tiles will contribute to a better understanding of Hanseong Baekje roof tiles. The production process of the roof tiles consists of the following stages: clay selection, the addition of plant fiber to the clay, base clay preparation, roof tile forming, drying and firing. This paper attempts to examine this process from the production traces that can be found on excavated flat roof tiles. The characteristics of roof tiles from the Baekje center (i.e. Pungnaptoseong) in the Hanseong period are as follows: crystalloid clay composition, the use of clay belts and boards, cutting traces and the lumping of rectangular clay sections in a horizontal direction, the facts different types of molds were used(e.g. the tube-shaped mold and the ‘mogol’ mold) or were not used at all, the trimming or paring of the overall surface of the upper and lower sides using water, the absence of decorative patterns or the use of a checkered design, the use of a short paddle used in a horizontal direction when producing the checkered design, trace using reed instead of fabric, sewing traces called ‘yuncheolheun’ and ‘hapcheolheun’, a variety of traces associated with side division, roof tiles divided into three sections, the presence of short back-roof tiles and ‘L’-shaped concave roof-end tiles, the stylized connection parts of convex roof tiles, the generally soft texture and gray or brownish color of the roof tiles. Diachronic change in production techniques can be observed in the decrease in roof tiles divided into three sections, the increase in the preference for checkered and line patterns, the increase in the number of ‘L’-shaped and concave roof-end tile molds according to the increase of convex roofing tile with connection parts, and the increase of ‘mogol’ molds. The production technology of these Hanseong Baekje flat roof tiles appears to have been influenced by both traditional and Lelang ceramic traditions. Goguryeo ceramic technology also appears to have had an influence in the late Hanseong period. It can be suggested that flat roof tile production experienced a gradual, rather than punctuated, developmental process. Such a trend could be confirmed because the present study attempted a total (vis-à-vis selective) investigation of the flat roof tiles. Selective studies on roof tiles are understandably undertaken due to the huge amount of excavated material but this paper demonstrates that total investigation is needed in other to obtain as much information as possible on the developmental process of roof tiles.