1960년대 기독교잡지의 여성 가정담론 연구: 「새가정」에 나타난 인식을 중심으로
A Study of Women and Family Discourse in Christian Magazines in the 1960s: Focusing on the Contributions to the New Home
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새가정」은 1960년대를 대표하는 기독교여성 종합잡지로서 기독교계뿐 아니라 일반에게도 영향력이 상당했다. ‘한국기독교교회협의회 가정생활위원회’가 운영을 맡아 기독교 여성지도자들이 편집진으로 포진하면서 당시 여성운동계의 활동과 입장에 궤를 같이 했다. 「새가정」에서는 여성의 사회참여와 여성의 지위가 조국 근대화와 복지국가건설에 기여할 때 향상된다고 보았다. 한편, 사회구조적 모순 해결에 대한 기독교적 관심이 증가할 때, 여성인권과 노동자에 대한 관심과 진단이 함께 모색되었다. 신앙을 중심으로 부부중심의 핵가족을 이상적 기독교가정으로 상정하고 생활개선에 솔선하는 가정주부를 모범으로 삼았다. 모성보호 차원에서 이루어지던 피임은 가족계획사업의 발표와 함께 기독교적 가족계획의 과학적 방법 소개로 이어진다. 향후 정부의 가족계획사업에 적극 참여하기에 이른다. 1950년대는 여성운동이 전후복구사업을 위해 동원되었다고 평가받는다. 1970년대는 국가권력이 훨씬 강고해지고 민주화, 인권·노동운동과 세계여성운동의 영향을 받아 국내외적으로 여성문제가 본격적으로 제기되고 활성화되기 시작한다. 1960년대는 이전 시기와 달라지는 여성운동계의 반향과 여성인식에 대한 변화가 드러나고, 이후 시기로 이행하는 과도기적 성격이 나타나는 가운데, 당시 여성운동계를 이끌었던 기독교계의 여성과 가족이해는 당대를 이해하는 중요한 도구가 된다.
Abstract
New Home was the first general magazine published by the Christian community after liberation, and by the 1960s, it had a great influence on the general society. It was operated by the ‘Family Life Committee of the KNCC’ Since the editorial staff consisted of Christian women leaders, it was in line with the activities and policies of the women’s movement at the time, and led public opinion. New Home believed that women’s status would improve when they contributed to the modernization of the country and the construction of a welfare state. In the 1960s, as ‘modernization’ emerged as the highest value, the social role of Christian women was emphasized. Meanwhile, as the demand for Christian social participation increased worldwide, interest in women’s rights and female workers was sought. In New Home, the ideal Christian family is assumed to be a nuclear family centered on faith and a couple. The personal bond between spouses and the joint responsibility for family issues are emphasized. The most prominent image of women is that of a housewife who takes the lead in improving life. A good wife and wise mother who manages the household with scientific knowledge is praised as an example. In New Home, the promotion of family planning increased in the 1960s. New Home, which had previously introduced scientific methods of contraception for maternal protection, presented the logic and methods of Christian family planning after the government announced its family planning project, and actively participated in the government’s family planning project in the future. The women’s movement of the 1950s is evaluated as the women’s movement being mobilized by the government for postwar reconstruction projects. In the 1970s, women’s issues began to be raised and activated in earnest under the influence of democratization, human rights and labor movements, and the world women’s movement. The 1960s showed a resonance in the women’s movement that was different from the previous period, and the transitional nature of the transition to the subsequent period was revealed. The understanding of women and families in the Christian community that led the women’s movement at the time became an important tool for understanding the contemporary period.