1960~70년대 가정주부(아내)의 형성과 젠더정치: 『여원』, 『주부생활』 잡지 담론을 중심으로

Abstract

This study examines the birth of nuclear family and full time housewives, and examines the change of their roles and positions, and gender differentiated system, in the 1960~70s Korean modern change process, through the magazines of which main readers are middle class women, ≪YeoWeon≫ and ≪Jubu Sangwhal≫ A result of this study is as follows. Those women magazines show a change from the premodern society, the modern society, to the postmodern society in those 20 years. The change involves a birth of nuclear family and housewives, in particular, full-time housewives, and a change of their statuses. This study shows a unic feature of the Korean modernization which is called ‘a compressive modernization and simultaneity of unsimultaneous thing’. During the 1960s~1970s, there had been many changes in the statuses and roles of housewives. Gender relation went forward from vertical, hierarchical and inequal into horizontal, unhierarchical, and equal. First, seeing from housewives’ works, women had a role on supporting their husbands in the process of the modern gender division of work system. They worked from as simple supporters to as positive supporters, with a specialization of housewives’ works. Second, seeing from in the side of communication and power-relationship, men-centered power relationship had continuously maintained, but its’ compulsive dominant-subordination relationship had weaken, comparing to before 1960. In the 1970s, a tendency of equality had increased. Third, in the side of sexuality, an extent of men-centered sexual relationship had weakened. But its conservative and a tendency of gender-unequality continued, comparing to in the side of communication and power-relationship. It means that our society is far more conservative and unequal in the sexual love and sexuality side. But on the other hand, liberal sexual-love and sexuality behaviors grew to increase. In particular, in 1970s an equal sexual relationship between men and women had increased and awareness on women’s sexual desires had extended and the liberal and progressive awarenesses on marriage, divorce and sexual relationship had extended.