敬語の変化の捉え方 – 大学生への意識調査から –

Abstract

The present study investigated the normativity and favorability of honorific expressions which are shown in the developmental stage as the process in language change. It also analyzed the steps of expression in honorifics and the reason of ‘yure’ in terms of two main factors. At first, a double honorific is perceived as the type A(right use) and the type D and C followed(it is at the low level of normativity but has favorability), therefore, it is subject to be increased later on. In terms of naming, ‘sama’ and ‘san’ were perceived as the type A and are expected to be settled in the future. On the other hand, the title for position has been considered as the type D but is anticipated to be used gradually later. An honorific for guests, ‘saseteitadaki’ had a high perception as the type A therefore it might be stable as an expression for standard. ‘Sa-irekotoba’ gained more awareness according to the grammaticalization of ‘-itadaku’ but the other expressions are still regarded as the type D. The expression of humbleness and the imbalanced expression are predominantly thought as the type D, but they have a possibility of increasing use because the followings are the type A or C. Lastly, as a result of expression of hospitality, university students had a tendency that they choose to use polite expressions when facing the command or request which is relatively bearable burden. As Ha(2015) mentioned, the result can be assumed as a phenomenon that happens in the process of natural communication based on mutual respect in terms of social language norm.