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경찰공무원의 스트레스요인이 직무소진과 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 성격특성의 조절된 매개효과

The Effect of Stressors on Job Burnout and Job Satisfaction Among Police Officers: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Personality Traits

조성호
한국경찰학회 (Korean Association Of Police Science)|2015.08|한국경찰학회보 (The Korean Association of Police Science Review)|제17권 제4호|pp. 185-212

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참고문헌

키워드

직무만족Job Satisfaction직무스트레스Emotional Exhaustion직무소진외향성Extraversion성실성조절된 매개분석ConscientiousnessStressorsModerated Mediation Analysis

초록

경찰공무원들은 직업 특성 상 과로와 대인업무 등으로 인하여 스트레스를 많이 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 직무스트레스가 직무소진과 직무만족에 미치는 영향과 이들 관계가 경찰관들의 성격특성인 성실성과 외향성에 의하여 어떻게 달라지는지를 조사하였다. 이러한 관계를 분석하기 위하여 매개효과분석과 조절효과분석 및 이들을 결합한 조절된 매개효과분석을 실시하였다. 209명의 응답자료를 회귀분석과 SPSS Macro 및 SPSS PROCESS Macro를 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 경찰관들의 직무스트레스가 증가하면 감정적 탈진이 증가하고 감정적 탈진의 증가는 직무만족을 증가시키는 음(-)의 매개효과가 나타났다. 둘째, 경찰관들의 직무스트레스가 증가하면 감정적 탈진이 증가하는데 경찰관들의 외향성과 성실성의 크기가 증가하면 이러한 부정적인 영향은 감소하는 조절효과가 나타났다. 특히 외향성과 성실성의 크기가 매우 높은 경찰관들은 직무스트레스가 직무소진에 미치는 영향이 오히려 음(-)으로 나타났다. 셋째, “직무스트레스→감정적 탈진→직무만족”의 매개효과는 모든 경찰관들에게 획일적으로 나타나지 않고 외향성과 성실성의 크기가 낮은 경찰관들에게만 유의하게 나타났고 외향성과 성실성의 크기가 강한 경찰관들에게는 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결론은 경찰관들의 직무소진을 감소시키고 직무만족을 증가시키기 위해서는 경찰관들의 직무스트레스를 감소시켜주고 경찰관들의 채용 시에 적성검사 등을 통하여 성실성과 외향성이 높은 경찰관을 선발하고 교육과 훈련을 통하여 이러한 성격을 적극적으로 배양시킬 필요가 있을 것이다.

Abstract

The aim of this research is to investigate the moderating effects of personality traits(conscientiousness and extraversion) on the relationships between stressors and emotional exhaustion among police officers. Utilizing regression analysis and SPSS PROCESS Macro, the results of mediation, moderation and moderated mediation analysis are as follows: Conscientiousness and extraversion significantly moderated the relationships between stressors and emotional exhaustion such that stressors-emotional exhaustion relationship was stronger in the low conscientiousness(extraversion) group than in the high group. The strength of mediated effect decreased along with the levels of conscientiousness and extraversion: stronger stressors-emotional exhaustion-job satisfaction relationships when both conscientiousness and extraversion were low. From a practical implication, police authorities should take into consideration personality traits in recruitment and prepare for training and education programs to cultivate personality traits.

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