마루야마 마사오와 다케우치 요시미의 전후 사상 재건과 ‘근대’적 사유－전전의 문화권력 ‘근대의 초극’과의 비/연속성－

Abstract

This paper examines the postwar ideologies developed by Maruyama Masao and Takeuchi Yoshimi, postwar Japan’s representative intellectuals, in regard to the slogan of “Overcoming Modernity (1942)” which had massive cultural weight in prewar Japan. Maruyama Masao attempted to put a period to the distinctive convergence of pre-modernism and super-modernism through his extensive investigation on the process of Japanese modernization. Still, as it was also part of Japanese modernizatio n, there exists continuity with “Overcoming Modernity” in a different sense. Meanwhile, in tandem with the rise of “Asian nationalism,” Takeuchi Yoshimi discussed the issue of the nation in “The Problem of Modernism and the Nation (1952)” and “Chinese Nationalism(1957)” citing Maruyama Masao. In contrast to Maruyama Masao, however, Takeuchi Yoshimi aimed for the ideological recycling of “Overcoming Modernity.” By abstracting the notion of “the liberation of Asia,” he theorized the idea of resistance, which could have been possible though it ended in failure according to “Overcoming Modernity(1959).” However, by emphasizing the logic of the theory―the power to change the reality―he ultimately highlighted the excessive dependence of the debate of “Overcoming Modernity” on a theoretical myth. After the defeat in the war, Maruyama Masao and Takeuchi Yoshimi developed their postwar ideologies based on the issue of modernism. Postwar [modernism’ also surrounded ‘nation’, which was its component, along with ‘Asia’, which acted as a stranger in the course. In the process, Maruyama Masao’s ‘modern thinking’ is linked to ‘Overcoming Modernity’ while Takeuchi Yoshimi’ ‘Overcoming Modernity’ theory has continuity with ‘modern thinking.’