성폭력 피해자를 처벌하다: 피해자 전형성 위반 범죄로서의 성폭력 무고
Punishing Victim of Sexual Assault Crime: False Accusation of Rape as A Crime of Violation of Victim Stereotype
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성폭력 피해를 신고하고 가해자를 고소하는 성폭력 피해자에 대한 무고 의심이 증폭되고 있는 한편, 미투운동이 촉발한 성차별적 수사관행에 대한 비판의 수위도 높아지고 있다. 이러한 현실에서 이 글은 범죄피해를 수사기관에 신고한 성폭력 피해자가 무고죄를 의심받아 피의자로 전환되어 재판에 넘겨진 세 사건을 살펴보았다. 2016년 8월 30일 대법원 무죄 확정 판결을 받은 한국의 차진영 사건의 당사자를 인터뷰하고, 미국의 새라 리디, 그리고 D.M. 사건의 수사기록과 언론보도, 재판기록을 토대로 성폭력 범죄를 신고한 피해자가 어떠한 과정을 통해 진술을 의심받고 피의자로 전환･수사대상이 되며, 재판에 이르게 되는지를 추적하였다. 성범죄 피해자에 대한 전형성과 편견, 그리고 성폭력 피해자가 겪는 증언부정의 및 해석학적 부정의와 같은 성차별이 성폭력 피해자가 무고죄로 기소되는 근본 이유임을 밝히며, 강간신화와 같은 파괴적 내러티브의 전복 및 피해자 전형성 해체가 성폭력 피해자 권리 강화의 필수 요소임을 강조하였다
Abstract
While Me-Too movement opens up new space to scrutinize discriminatory practices by the criminal justice system against victims of sexual assault crime, there is increasing concern that the false rape accusation should be punished and innocent men need to be protected. Given the circumstances, this article explores three cases, which real victims of sexual crime were wrongfully arrested and accused by law enforcement after they report to police. Based on data from interview with Cha, Jin-Young who was found not guilty on the false reporting of sexual assault charge in South Korea, documentaries and investigation materials released by the authorities including media reports regarding the cases of Sara Reedy and D.M. in the U,S.A, this article explores the ways in which victims of sexual assault have been doubted, identified as suspects, and prosecuted by the criminal justice system. This paper shed lights on how rape myths play a role in discrediting victims and denying the reality that victims of sexual assault could react to their experiences in a variety ways. Most importantly, it points to gender inequality and discrimination as the fundamental cause for victims of sexual assault to face a risk of being prosecuted and punished rather than being protected and assisted. In order to overcome testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice, this article emphasizes the significance of deconstructing and dismantling rape myths and victim stereotyping through listening carefully and believing victim’s voices.
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