泰安 馬島 해저출토품으로 본 고려 중기 청자의 편년문제

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to reconsider chronological order of mid-Goryeo ceramics with excavating the underwater relics of a wrecked ship in the sea near Ma island, Taean county as a momentum. 12-13th Centuries are considered as middle era and in those centuries many changes were appeared in respects of quality and quantity. Scholars have taken attention about exquisitely fine relics of the 12th century, but they have not succeeded to figure out the process of developments of celadon in the 13th century. Just in time, a wrecked ship in the sea near Ma island, Taean county(泰安 馬島 1號船) is excavated. In that ship, many relics are found. In those, some bamboo tablets are found, therefore celadon relics in that ship are also studied. That wrecked ship was sunk down in the course to Gaegyung via Jangheung, Haenam, Naju, Youngam. By analyzing bamboo tablets, we find that the celadon relics were made in early 13th century. And we also know the celadon making style and distribution information of that period. Also, we presume the making place as Gangjin Yongun-ri 10th kiln site and Haenam Jinsan-ri kiln site. The excavated and analyzed kiln sites of mid-Goryeo period are almost 10, and the excavated relics in these sites show that they have some common characters in form, figure expression style, figure material etc. Therefore, we can presume that those kiln sites were operated in almost same ages. Nevertheless, the chronological orders of reports are various. It may be because of insufficiency of materials to help presuming the chronological order. We can be helped to settle down the chronological order about mid-Goryeo celadon relics by the relics of Injong Jangreung(1146), Gongyu Mun's grave(1159?), The Queen Moter Sungyoung Gareung(1236), Heejong Sukreung(1237), The Queen Moter Wondeuk Gonreung(1239), Myeongjong Jireung(1255). These relics and the relics of a wrecked ship of Ma island show that many celadon relics which has been understanded as 12th century celadon were continuously made in 13th century. In reconsidering process of the chronological order of mid-Goryeo ceramics, we are helped by the relics of a wrecked ship of Ma island to presume making period of underglaze iron black celadon and crude quality celadon. Those celadon have been known as productions of 11-12th centuries. But, after comparison and analyzing, we can consider that underglaze iron black celadon are continuously made even after 13th century. Besides, we can confirm the possibility of the making period about crude quality celadon of Haenam Jinsan-ri kiln site, Incheon Gyeongsan-dong kiln site is extended to the first half of the 13th century.