본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

심리적 특권의식 관련변인에 관한 메타분석

A Meta-Analysis of the Variables Related to Psychological Entitlement

0

조회

0

다운로드

6

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

심리적 특권의식은 개인이 자신의 성과와 노력 수준과 관계없이 기대 이상의 보상을 바라는 개인의 기질적 특성으로서 구성원 간 갈등 조장 및 조직 문화에 부정적으로 영향을 미치는 요인이다. 본 연구의 목적은 심리적 특권의식 관련변인을 통계적으로 종합하여 효과성을 검증하고, 구성원의 심리적 특권의식을 관리하기 위한 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 달성하기 위해 국내외에서 수행된 심리적 특권의식 연구들을 체계적으로 수집하여 총 85편의 연구물을 선정하여 메타분석을 실시하였다. 연구 분석 결과에 따라 본 연구는 심리적 특권의식과 관련된 47개의 변인을 인구통계학, 개인의 성격, 개인의 정서, 조직심리 및 행동, 그리고 기타 변인 총 5개의 영역으로 유목화하였다. 비교 변인 간 효과크기를 살펴본 결과 심리적 특권의식 비교 변인 중 외향성, 셀프 모니터링, 조직 내 일탈행동, 사회적 바람직성, 그리고 학문적 특권의식 5개 변인을 제외한 42개의 변인이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 특히, 착취적 특권의식, 비착취적 특권의식, 나르시시즘, 학문적 특권의식, 사회적 지배 지향성, 비생산적 직무 행동 등이 높은 효과크기를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 본 연구는 심리적 특권의식에 대한 학문적 및 실천적 시사점을 도출하였으며, 연구의 한계점과 후속 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Psychological entitlement is considered as an individual trait in which the individual expects more than reward regardless of his or her effort and performance. The purpose of our study is verify the effectiveness through synthesizing statistically the relationship between psychological entitlement and related variables and suggest the way to deal with it. In line with the purpose of our research, we systematically collected the studies related to the psychological entitlement, and finally, 85 studies have been selected for meta-analysis. According to the analysis, we categorized 47 comparison variables into five categories such as demographics, individual personality, individual affect, organizational psychology and behavior, and other variables. The results showed that most variables have significant effect size for psychological entitlement excepted extraversion, self-monitoring, workplace deviance, social desirability, and academic entitlement. In particular, exploitive entitlement, nonexploitive entitlement, narcissism, social dominance orientation, and counterproductive work behavior presented a high level of effect size. Finally, we derived theoretical and practical implications for psychological entitlement and discuss the limitations and directions for future research.

참고문헌 (124)

  1. 김기만, "비윤리적 친조직 행동의 선행요인에 관한 연구", 박사, pp.2020
  2. 김형진, "심리적 특권의식이 비윤리 행동에 미치는 영향: 개인조직 적합성 및 개인직무적합성의 조절효과와 직무 스트레스의 매개효과 검증", 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 발표논문집, pp.1~12 (2018)
  3. 박진채, "소비자교육 효과에 관한 메타분석", 소비자정책교육연구, 16(1), pp.163~184 (2020), 한국소비자정책교육학회
  4. 배을규, "국내 조직 구성원 변화몰입의 선행 변인과 결과 변인에 대한 메타분석: HRD 이론 및 실천적 관점에서", HRD연구, 23(2), pp.1~28 (2021), 한국인력개발학회[DOI]
  5. 원종하, "조직지원인식과 비윤리적 친조직 행동에 있어서 심리적 특권의식의 조절효과에 관한 연구", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 20(8), pp.598~617 (2020), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
  6. 이누리, "비인격적 감독에 관한 메타 분석: 국내 실증 연구를 중심으로", HRD연구, 23(4), pp.169~202 (2021), 한국인력개발학회[DOI]
  7. 이덕현, "멘토링 기능과 직무만족 및 조직몰입의 관계에 대한 메타분석 연구", HRD연구, 15(1), pp.189~214 (2013), 한국인력개발학회[DOI]
  8. 이은령, "조직후원인식과 조직방해인식이 종업원반응행동에 미치는 영향", 박사, pp.2016
  9. 이준희, "심리적 특권의식이 상대적 박탈감과 역할 내 행동, 동료에 대한 비인격적 행동및 비윤리적 친조직 행동에 미치는 영향", 석사, pp.2019
  10. 이진주, "학습민첩성에 대한 메타분석: 최근 10년(2011∼2020)간 발표된 국내 문헌을 중심으로", 기업교육과인재연구, 23(1), pp.27~63 (2021), 한국기업교육학회
  11. 이택호, "조직과 인간관계론" (2010), 사람과 경영
  12. 정양운, "Psychological Entitlement and Deviant Behavior: The Moderating Effects of Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational Support", 기업경영연구, 22(5), pp.307~325 (2015), 한국기업경영학회
  13. 정양운, "The Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological Entitlement", 인사조직연구, 20(3), pp.151~187 (2012), 한국인사조직학회
  14. 정호일, "과잉자격 인식, 직무만족, 직무의미 및 직무자율성의 구조적 관계", 산업경제연구, 33(2), pp.429~449 (2020), 한국산업경제학회[DOI]
  15. 조용래, "우울과 불안증상에 대한 마음챙김에 기반을 둔 개입의 효과: 메타분석", 한국심리학회지:일반, 33(4), pp.903~928 (2014), 한국심리학회
  16. 최명빈, "기업 근로자의 경력성공에 관한 메타 연구", 기업교육과인재연구, 21(1), pp.1~22 (2019), 한국기업교육학회[DOI]
  17. 최소영, "Antecedents of Negative Mentoring Experiences in Formal Mentoring Programs", 석사, pp.2019
  18. 한규원, "골프참여자의 심리적 특권의식과 체면민감성 및 과시소비성향의 관계", 골프연구, 14(3), pp.261~273 (2020), 한국골프학회[DOI]
  19. 한은정, "피평가자의 개인특성과 평가 정확성 인식 간의 관계에서 자기수행평가의 매개효과와 피드백 정보성의 조절효과", 석사, pp.2015
  20. 황성동, "알기 쉬운 메타분석의 이해" (2014), 학지사
  21. 황성동, "R을 이용한 메타분석" (2015), 학지사
  22. 황성동, "Free Software를 이용한 메타분석 : OpenMeta, R, RevMan을 중심으로" (2016), 경북대학교 출판부
  23. 황한솔, "상사의 심리적 특권의식이 비인격적 감독을 통해 부하의 창의성에 미치는 영향과 부하 주도적 성격의 조절효과", 경영학연구, 48(6), pp.1569~1590 (2019), 한국경영학회[DOI]
  24. Ackerman, R. A., "Evaluating self-report measures of narcissistic entitlement", Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35(4), pp.460~474 (2013)
  25. Adelman, A. L., "The role of entitlement, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism in the prediction of homonegativity for heterosexual white men", Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, pp.1~21 (2021)[DOI]
  26. Anastasio, P. A., "Beyond deserving more : Psychological entitlement also predicts negative attitudes toward personally relevant out-groups", Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(5), pp.593~600 (2014)
  27. Andzenge, A. K., ""I Deserve Better, So I Will…" Exploring the Potential Positive Role of Psychological Entitlement", Doctor, pp.2019
  28. Badawy, R. L., "Identity and person-job fit: Do you see me like I see me?" (2014), State University of New York at Buffalo
  29. Bai, B. Y., "Social dominance orientation and selfish behaviors in Chinese adolescents : The mediating role of psychological entitlement", Child Indicators Research, 13(3), pp.981~991 (2020)[DOI]
  30. Banker, C. C., "Hypo-egoic nonentitlement as a feature of humility", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(5), pp.738~753 (2020)[DOI]
  31. Barrick, M. R., "Personality and job performance : Test of the mediating effects of motivation among sales representatives", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), pp.43~51 (2002)[DOI]
  32. Bedi, A., "But I Deserve It! A Meta-analytic Review of Employee Entitlement", Journal of Managerial Issues, 33(2), pp.191~209 (2021)
  33. Boin, J., "Quiet ego and noisy ego: A useful distinction in the investigation of individual well-being and intergroup relations", TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 26(3), pp.347~362 (2019)
  34. Borenstein, M., "A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis", Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), pp.97~111 (2010)[DOI]
  35. Bradley, "Sensitivity to Potential Anti-atheist Discrimination Events: Psychological Correlates and Relationship with Psychological Well-being", Doctor, pp.2018
  36. Brunell, A. B., "Homogenous scales of narcissism : Using the psychological entitlement scale, interpersonal exploitativeness scale, and narcissistic grandiosity scale to study narcissism", Personality and Individual Differences, 123(1), pp.182~190 (2018)[DOI]
  37. Brunell, A. B., "Narcissism and the experience of pain", Personality and Individual Differences, 169, pp.109852~ (2021)
  38. Campbell, W. K., "Psychological entitlement : Interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure", Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(1), pp.29~45 (2004)[DOI]
  39. Carnes, A. M., "Control and expectancy : Locus of control as a predictor of psychological entitlement", Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 30(2), pp.81~97 (2018)[DOI]
  40. Chin, K., "The dark side of romantic jealousy", Personality and Individual Differences, 115, pp.23~29 (2017)[DOI]
  41. Choi, S., "Antecedents of Negative Mentoring Experiences in Formal Mentoring Programs", Master, pp.2019
  42. Cornell, "Academic entitlement: The relationship between parenting styles and parental involvement and college students' predisposition toward education", Doctor, pp.2014
  43. Cohen, J., "Stafisfical power analysis for the behavioural sciences" (1988), Hillside
  44. Daddis, C., "Entitlement, exploitativeness, and reasoning about everyday transgressions : A social domain analysis", Journal of Research in Personality, 58, pp.115~126 (2015)[DOI]
  45. Das, M., "Bandwagon vs snob luxuries : Targeting consumers based on uniqueness dominance", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 61, pp.102582~ (2021)[DOI]
  46. Dreiling, E. A., "The interrelationships among perceived parenting styles, psychological entitlement, and subjective well-being" (2015), University of Northern Colorado
  47. Eissa, G., "A Moral Disengagement Investigation of How and When Supervisor Psychological Entitlement Instigates Abusive Supervision", Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1~20 (2021)[DOI]
  48. Farasat, M., "Supervisor bottom-line mentality, workaholism, and workplace cheating behavior : the moderating effect of employee entitlement", Ethics & Behavior, pp.1~15 (2020)[DOI]
  49. Foley, S., "Antecedents and consequences of upward and downward social comparisons : An investigation of Chinese employees", International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 24(1), pp.145~161 (2016)[DOI]
  50. George, J. M., "Personality, affect, and behavior in groups", Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(2), pp.107~116 (1990)[DOI]
  51. Givertz, M., "The association between overinvolved parenting and young adults’ self-efficacy, psychological entitlement, and family communication", Communication Research, 41(8), pp.1111~1136 (2014)[DOI]
  52. Grubbs, J. B., "Demandingness, deservingness, and spiritual well-being: The role of entitlement in predicting religious", spiritual struggles, 2017
  53. Grubbs, J. B., "I deserve better and god knows it!Psychological entitlement as a robust predictor of anger at God", Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 5(3), pp.192~200 (2013)[DOI]
  54. Grubbs, J. B., "Psychological entitlement and ambivalent sexism : Understanding the role of entitlement in predicting two forms of sexism", Sex Roles, 70(5-6), pp.209~220 (2014)[DOI]
  55. Grubbs, J. B., "God owes me : The role of divine entitlement in predicting struggles with a deity", Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(4), pp.356~367 (2018)[DOI]
  56. Hart, W., "Entitled Due to Deprivation vs. Superiority: Evidence That Unidimensional Entitlement Scales Blend Distinct Entitlement Rationales across Psychological Dimensions", Journal of personality assessment, 102(6), pp.781~791 (2020)[DOI]
  57. Harvey, P., "Frustration-based outcomes of entitlement and the influence of supervisor communication", Human Relations, 63(11), pp.1639~1660 (2010)[DOI]
  58. Harvey, P., "An empirical examination of the role of attributions in psychological entitlement and its outcomes", Journal of Organizational Behavior: the International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(4), pp.459~476 (2009)[DOI]
  59. Harvey, P., "Abusive supervision and the entitled employee", The Leadership Quarterly, 25(2), pp.204~217 (2014)[DOI]
  60. Hedges, L. V., "Distribution theory for Glass's estimator of effect size and related estimators", Journal of Educational Statistics, 6(2), pp.107~128 (1981)
  61. Higgins, J. P., "Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses", BMJ, 327(7414), pp.557~560 (2003)[DOI]
  62. Hogan, J., "Using theory to evaluate personality and job-performance relations : A socioanalytic perspective", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), pp.100~112 (2003)[DOI]
  63. Hrcek, J. A., "Psychological Entitlement as a Predictor of Unethical Decision Making:An Investigation of Moral Disengagement as a Mediator", Doctor, pp.2020
  64. Huang, S., "Psychological and academic entitlement: Psychosocial and cultural predictors and relationships with psychological wellbeing", Doctor, pp.2017
  65. Huang, S., "Demographic, psychosocial, and cultural predictors of entitlement in a multiethnic Canadian undergraduate sample", Social Psychology of Education, 23(2), pp.523~535 (2020)[DOI]
  66. Ilie, A., "Unethical pro-organizational behaviors: Antecedents and boundary conditions" (2012), University of South Florida
  67. Irshad, M., "The dark side of organizational identification : a multi-study investigation of negative outcomes", Frontiers in Psychology, 11, pp.2521~ (2020)[DOI]
  68. Jordan, P. J., "A review of entitlement : Implications for workplace research", Organizational Psychology Review, 7(2), pp.122~142 (2017)[DOI]
  69. Khalid, M., "When does psychological entitlement lead to incivility? The role of abusive supervision perceptions and rumination", City University Research Journal, 9(1), pp.1~14 (2019)
  70. Khalid, M., "When and how the psychologically entitled employees hide more knowledge?", International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89, pp.102413~ (2020)[DOI]
  71. Laird, M. D., "Accountability, entitlement, tenure, and satisfaction in Generation Y", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(1), pp.87~100 (2015)[DOI]
  72. Laird, M. D., "Entitlement : friend or foe of work-family conflict?", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 36(5), pp.447~460 (2021)[DOI]
  73. Lange, J., "A status-seeking account of psychological entitlement", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(7), pp.1113~1128 (2019)
  74. Lee, A., "Leader–member exchange social comparisons and follower outcomes : the roles of felt obligation and psychological entitlement", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(3), pp.593~617 (2019)[DOI]
  75. Lee, A., "Investigating when and why psychological entitlement predicts unethical pro-organizational behavior", Journal of Business Ethics, 154, pp.109~126 (2019)[DOI]
  76. LePine, J. A., "Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance : Evidence of differential relationships with Big Five personality characteristics and cognitive ability", Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), pp.326~336 (2001)[DOI]
  77. Lessard, J., "Are youths’ feelings of entitlement always “bad”?: Evidence for a distinction between exploitive and non-exploitive dimensions of entitlement", Journal of Adolescence, 34(3), pp.521~529 (2011)[DOI]
  78. Li, H., "Follow or not follow? : The relationship between psychological entitlement and compliance with preventive measures to the COVID-19", Personality and Individual Differences, 174, pp.110678~ (2021)[DOI]
  79. Liu, F., "Idiosyncratic deals and creative deviance: the mediating role of psychological entitlement", R&D Management, pp.1~14 (2021)
  80. Liu, J., "The Role of Change in the Relationships Between Leader-Member Exchange", Coworker Exchange and Newcomer Performance : A Latent Growth Modeling Approach, 2021, pp.12, ~
  81. Loi, T. I., "From helping hands to harmful acts : When and how employee volunteering promotes workplace deviance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(9), pp.944~958 (2020)[DOI]
  82. Lonstein, J. S., "A Correlational Analysis: Permissive Parenting, Millennials, Work Ethic, Narcissism, and Entitlement", Doctor, pp.2019
  83. Lopez, F. G., "Probing the relationship between selfobject needs and adult attachment orientations", Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30(2), pp.247~263 (2013)[DOI]
  84. Luo, Y. L., "A behavioral genetic study of intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of narcissism", PloS one, 9(4), pp.e93403~ (2014)[DOI]
  85. MacKenzie, M. J., "Motivated gratitude and the need to belong : Social exclusion increases gratitude for people low in trait entitlement", Motivation and Emotion, 43(3), pp.412~433 (2019)[DOI]
  86. Matherne III, C. F., "Exploring the Relationship Between Covert Narcissism and Amorality : The Mediating Influences of Self-efficacy and Psychological Entitlement", American Journal of Management, 19(5), pp.31~39 (2019)[DOI]
  87. Martin, B. A., "The influence of entitlement and envy on tourist judgments of missed benefits", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 38, pp.58~65 (2019)[DOI]
  88. Menegaki, A. N., "Growth and renewable energy in Europe : A random effect model with evidence for neutrality hypothesis", Energy Economics, 33(2), pp.257~263 (2011)[DOI]
  89. Miller, B. K., "Impact of Social Desirability and Common Method Variance on Two Measures of Entitlement", Psychological Reports, 124(4), pp.1845~1862 (2021)[DOI]
  90. Miller, B. K., "Dispositional correlates of perceived work entitlement", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(7), pp.808~828 (2014)[DOI]
  91. Naseer, S., "The malevolent side of organizational identification : unraveling the impact of psychological entitlement and manipulative personality on unethical work behaviors", Journal of Business and Psychology, 35(3), pp.333~346 (2020)[DOI]
  92. Neville, L., "Getting to excess : Psychological entitlement and negotiation attitudes", Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(4), pp.555~574 (2019)[DOI]
  93. Oviatt, D. P., "Entitled to success: The development of entitlement and its implications on student success, health, and happiness" (2015), The University of Texas at San Antonio
  94. Panpum, W., "Development of the play experience model to enhance desirable qualifications of early childhood", Educational Research and Reviews, 10(10), pp.1361~1368 (2015)[DOI]
  95. Paulhus, D. L., "The dark triad of personality : Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy", Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), pp.556~563 (2002)[DOI]
  96. Priesemuth, M., "The more I want, the less I have left to give : The moderating role of psychological entitlement on the relationship between psychological contract violation, depressive mood states, and citizenship behavior", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(7), pp.967~982 (2016)[DOI]
  97. Qin, X., "The double-edged sword of leader humility : Investigating when and why leader humility promotes versus inhibits subordinate deviance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(7), pp.693~712 (2020)[DOI]
  98. Raskin, R., "A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validation", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, pp.890~902 (1988)
  99. Rasmussen, K., "Entitled vengeance : A meta-analysis relating narcissism to provoked aggression", Aggressive Behavior, 42(4), pp.362~379 (2016)[DOI]
  100. Renger, D., "Believing in one’s equal rights : Self-respect as a predictor of assertiveness", Self and Identity, 17(1), pp.1~21 (2018)[DOI]
  101. Robbins, S. P., "핵심 조직행동론" (2018), 시그마프레스
  102. Rose, K. C., "Entitlement is about ‘others’, narcissism is not : Relations to sociotropic and autonomous interpersonal styles", Personality and Individual Differences, 59, pp.50~53 (2014)[DOI]
  103. Ryan, R. B., "The Personality Beliefs Questionnaire-Short-Form : Relationship of personality disorders schemata with entitlement and dysfunctional thoughts", Current psychology, 34(2), pp.239~247 (2015)[DOI]
  104. Sarshar, M., "Explorations in Type-T: Mindset, Flourishing, Psychological Entitlement, Creativity, and Stress", Doctor, pp.2017
  105. Sears, D. J., "Men's attitudes and behavioral conformity to traditional norms of masculinity: Associations with entitlement and aggression", Doctor, pp.2011
  106. Shalka, J. R., "Self-control, self-efficacy, and work ethic as potential factors in entitlement in adolescents", Doctor, pp.2015
  107. Sheu, CF., "Meta-analysis using linear mixed models", Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 33, pp.102~107 (2001)[DOI]
  108. Stronge, S., "The heterogeneity of self-regard : A latent transition analysis of self-esteem and psychological entitlement", Journal of Research in Personality, 82, pp.103855~ (2019)[DOI]
  109. Stronge, S., "Are people becoming more entitled over time? Not in New Zealand", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(2), pp.200~213 (2018)[DOI]
  110. Strube, M. J., "The decision to leave an abusive relationship : Empirical evidence and theoretical issues", Psychological Bulletin, 104(2), pp.236~250 (1988)[DOI]
  111. Thomason, S. J., "Forced distribution systems and attracting top talent", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(7), pp.1171~1191 (2018)[DOI]
  112. Thomason, S., "Ethical decision making and psychological entitlement", Business and Society Review, 123(4), pp.631~659 (2018)[DOI]
  113. Thomason, S., "Psychological entitlement and conscientiousness as predictors of socially responsible workplace decisions", Small Business Institute Journal, 11(2), pp.1~15 (2015)
  114. Tomlinson, E. C., "An integrative model of entitlement beliefs", Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 25(2), pp.67~87 (2013)[DOI]
  115. Vatankhah, S., "Psychological entitlement, egoistic deprivation and deviant behavior among cabin crews : an attribution theory perspective", Tourism Review, 73(3), pp.314~330 (2018)[DOI]
  116. Wetzel, H. A., "Gratitude versus entitlement : A dual process model of the profitability implications of customer prioritization", Journal of Marketing, 78(2), pp.1~19 (2014)[DOI]
  117. Wheeler, A. R., "The interactive effects of abusive supervision and entitlement on emotional exhaustion and coworker abuse", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(4), pp.477~496 (2013)[DOI]
  118. Whitman, M. V., "Psychological entitlement and abusive supervision : Political skill as a self-regulatory mechanism", Health care Management Review, 38(3), pp.248~257 (2013)[DOI]
  119. YOU, X., "Exploring the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior in China", 석사, pp.2020
  120. Żemojtel‐Piotrowska, M. A, "Agentic and communal narcissism and satisfaction with life : The mediating role of psychological entitlement and self-esteem", International Journal of Psychology, 52(5), pp.420~424 (2017)[DOI]
  121. Zhao, L., "Doing It Purposely? Mediation of moral Disengagement in the Relationship Between Illegitimate Tasks and Counterproductive Work Behavior", Journal of Business Ethics, 173(3), pp.1~15 (2021)[DOI]
  122. Zitek, E. M., "Psychological entitlement predicts failure to follow instructions", Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(2), pp.172~180 (2019)[DOI]
  123. Zitek, E. M., "Individuals higher in psychological entitlement respond to bad luck with anger", Personality and Individual Differences, 168, pp.110306~ (2021)[DOI]
  124. Zitek, E. M., "Psychological entitlement predicts noncompliance with the health guidelines of the COVID-19 pandemic", Personality and individual differences, 171, pp.110491~ (2021)[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)