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자기애의 핵심 특성과 표현 차이에 관한 메타 분석: 대학생을 중심으로

A Meta-Analysis of Central Characteristics and Peripheral Manifestations of Narcissism: Focused on Korean University Students

장유진|박창현
한국상담심리학회 (Korean Counseling Psychological Association)|2021.02|한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료 (Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy)|제33권 제1호|pp. 417-448

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참고문헌

키워드

메타분석pathological narcissismmeta-analysis병리적 자기애웅대성취약성vulnerabilityantagonism적대성entitlement특권의식grandiosity정상적 자기애normal narcissism
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 정상적 자기애, 병리적 자기애의 웅대성, 병리적 자기애의 취약성이 공유하는 핵심 특성과 표현 차이를 확인하고 각 변인의 효과크기를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 최근 10년간의 학술지 및 학위논문 228편을 메타 분석하였다. 자기애의 특성을 ‘핵심 특성’ 변인군과 ‘표현 차이’ 변인군으로 구분하고, ‘핵심 특성’은 ‘부적응 양육/대상관계’, ‘취약한 자기/자기조절 실패’, ‘특권의식/적대성’으로 분류하였으며, ‘표현 차이’는 ‘기질/성격’, ‘긍정적’, ‘부정적’ 변인군으로 분류하였다. 분석 결과, 모든 유형의 자기애는 공통적으로 ‘특권의식/적대성’과 정적 상관을 보였으며, 병리적 자기애는 ‘취약한 자기/자기조절 실패’, ‘부적응 양육/대상관계’와 정적 상관을 보였다. 모든 자기애는 자극추구 기질과 특성분노와 정적 상관을 보였으며 그 밖의 기질/성격 변인들과는 차이를 보였다. 부정적 심리특성에서는 병리적 자기애의 웅대성은 완벽하게 보이려는 태도와 분노억제, 불안 관련 변인이, 취약성은 자기비난과 회피적 대처, 우울 관련 변인이 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 정상적 자기애는 대부분의 표현 차이 변인군에서 병리적 자기애와 차이가 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 기저의 특권의식과 적대성을 중심으로 자기애를 이해하는 것이 적절하며, 기질/성격과의 상호작용에 따라 자기애가 상이하게 표현될 수 있으므로 차별적인 개입이 필요하다는 점을 시사해 준다.

Abstract

This study identified the central characteristics and peripheral manifestations of three forms of narcissism: normal, pathological grandiosity, and pathological vulnerability. Studies (N=228) were meta-analyzed, and the variables were categorized into central and peripheral groups. The central group included maladaptive- parenting/object-relation, fragile-self/self-regulation failure, and entitlement/antagonism. The peripheral group included temperament/personality, positive-features, and negative-features. The results indicated that entitlement/antagonism was positively related to all phenotypes, and fragile-self/self-regulation failure and maladaptive-parenting/object-relation were positively related to pathological narcissism. Novelty-seeking and trait-anger were positively related to all phenotypes, but the others varied. Pathological grandiosity had large effects on perfectionism, anger-suppression, and anxiety. Pathological vulnerability had large effects on avoidance-strategy, self-criticism, and depression. In the peripheral group, significant differences existed between normal and pathological narcissism. The findings imply that entitlement/antagonism is a core characteristic of narcissism, and that differentiated interventions may be necessary because narcissism manifests differently depending on its interaction with temperament/personality.

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