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한국 전자·통신장비기업의 생산성과 수출 및 해외직접투자: 자기선택가설과 학습효과가설의 검증

Productivity, Export and Foreign Direct Investment of Korean Firm in Electronic Components and Communication Equipment Industry

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산업연구원 (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade)|2018.06|산업연구(JIET) (Journal of Industrial Economics and Trade)|제2권 제1호|pp. 127-155|DOI 10.23161/jiet.2018.2.1.127

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키워드

수출해외직접투자기업의 이질성자기선택(self-selection)수출 학습효과

초록

본 연구의 목적은 한국 경제에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 전자·통신장비산업에속하는 기업 자료를 이용하여 기업의 생산성과 수출 및 해외직접투자의 관계에 대한 자기선택가설과 학습효과가설을 검증하는 데 있다. OLS로 측정할 때 발생할 수 있는 동시성과 선택편의의 문제를 통제하기 위해 Olley and Pakes(1996) 방법을 적용하여 기업의 총요소생산성을 측정한다. 기업 고정효과모형, 패널 데이터 로짓모형 및 콜모고로프-스미르노프 검정을 적용하였는데, 분석 결과해외직접투자기업의 생산성이 가장 높고, 수출기업의 생산성이 중간 수준이며, 내수기업의 생산성이 가장 낮다는 자기선택가설을 뒷받침한다. 아울러 성향점수매칭기법(propensity score matching technique) 및 시스템 일반화적률법(system GMM)을 적용하여 학습효과가설을 검증하였는데, 수출 및 해외직접투자가 기업의 생산성을 향상시킨다는 증거를 발견하지 못하였다.

Abstract

Using the firm-level data for the electronic components and communication equipment industry in Korea between 2008 and 2015, this paper empirically examines the self-selection and learning-by-exporting hypothesis. I documents the differences in productivity, size and capital intensity between exporters and non-exporters as well as exporting and FDI firms. Using OLS with firm fixed effects, the fixed-effects logit model and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, I find that exporters are more productive than non-exporters, and the more productive firms self-select into export markets. In addition, it is found that the most productive firms engage in exports and foreign direct investment. Finally, Propensity Score Matching technique is applied to estimate the average treatment effects on the treated. However, I do not find the evidence that exporting improves firm productivity.

참고문헌 (51)

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