원복속기 고려 왕실 編制의 재정립: 同姓不婚 원칙의 流入과 封爵制 와해 과정을 중심으로

Abstract

This treatise aims at investigating how the endogamy system of the Goryeo royal family, which had provided a foundation of exclusive privileges for them, collapsed and the nobility system (封爵制) interconnected with this endogamy system was reestablished by active intervention of the Mongol empire. In 1275 and 1291, the Emperor Shizu of Yuan (Kublai Khan) criticized endogamy among the Goryeo royal family members as using a chinese terminology of ‘Dongseonghon (同姓婚)’. His argument against endogamy in 1275 was different from that in 1291. In 1275, the Emperor Shizu of Yuan regarded the Goryeo royal family as ‘one’ of noble houses in the Mongol empire because the king of the Goryeo at that time, the king Chungryeol, had got married with his daughter, the Princess Qutluqkelmish (齊國大長公主). The Emperor Shizu of Yuan emphasized that the Goryeo royal family had a duty to join the alliances among noble houses in his empire and showed special interest in marriages of the Goryeo royal women. But the king Chungryeol did not take any active actions for stimulating exogamy of the Goryeo royal women in contrast to his wife. His stance on their marriages changed only after 1291. At this time, the royal endogamy system of the Goryeo dynasty lost its authority and collapsed because of political pressure of the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and the logic considering the traditional marriage system of the Goryeo royal family as ‘barbarism’. After the Goryeo royal family accepted ‘the prohibition of marriage between persons with same surname’, its royal organization system became distinct from previous one in two spheres. First, level of contribution to the Goryeo-Mongol relations came to have great significance when qualifications and ranks of the royal family members were evaluated. Although special investitures were carried out for a few royal family members sent to the Mogolian military camp or capital from the period of war between the Goryeo and Mongol, the royal organization system, focused on plural kinship and marriage relations between the king and the other royal family members, was maintained. ‘The prohibition of marriage between persons with same surname’ emasculated this system, and in consequence, many members of the Goryeo royal family obtained royal ranks and privileges owing to the political status in the Mongol empire. Second, before the nobility system was completely replaced with Bongunje (封君制), which means the noble investiture system of kingdom (諸侯國), there already emerged a tendency of hereditary successions of royal ranks from father to son in the Goryeo nobility system.