元宗代 고려 측 對 몽골 정례적·의례적 사행 양상과 그 배경 - 1273년(元宗 14) 고려 측 賀冊封 使行 사례를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study set out to investigate the patterns of Goryeo’s routine and ceremonial envoy trips during the reign of King Wonjong(元宗) in the early days of Goryeo-Mongol relations and review the internal and external backgrounds of those patterns, thus shedding light on the characteristic aspects of Goryeo-Mongolia relations. The first phenomenon related to envoy selection in Goryeo's relationships with 솓 Mongol empire was the leadership of Goryeo’s royal family members in envoy trips(宗室 正使), and the phenomenon became prominent during the rule of King Wonjong. Goryeo had resistance against the ways that the Mongols formed and maintained relations with other political units through the direct relations among the individual heads and families and thus took an eclectic approach by putting royal family members in its routine national envoy trips and thus heightening the class of its envoy trips based on its experiences. That pattern showed an aspect of Goryeo-Mongol relations during the reign of King Wonjong when there was no enough consensus on their relations between the two parties. It gradually declined since the reign of King Chungryeol(忠烈王) when such Mongolian relation elements as royal intermarriage and king’s visiting the Mongol court himself emerged in the front line of Goryeo-Mongol relations. Mongolia arranged the Chinese court ceremonies(朝儀) in 1269~1271 in the same context as the introduction of Hanbeop(漢法) for the rule of Hanji(漢地) by Kublai Khan when he ascended to the throne. Furthermore, the installation of the Crown Prince in 1273 as an extension of the arrangement of the Chinese court ceremonies showed that the arrangement of the Chinese court ceremonies reflected Kublai Khan's sense of purpose to build a more centralized system of state in his relations with the powers of Western khans including Kaidu those days. The Mongol empire's “Chinese royal court ceremonies” arranged in the political situations during the early days of Kublai Khan's rule were reflected in the formalities of Goryeo’s envoy trip parties and created an important opportunity for King Wonjong and his subjects to perceive the Mongol empire as “Hwa(華)”. The ceremonies arranged at that time were realized the same both in Mongolia and Goryeo and became a background of kings’ Yoha(遙賀) for emperors, thus showing differences in their scope of application from their counterparts of the previous times.