고려에 下嫁해 온 몽골공주들의 정치적 위치와 고려-몽골 관계: 齊國大長公主의 사례를 중심으로
Political Position of Mongol Princesses Married Goryeo Kings and Goryeo-Mongol Relation
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This thesis aimed to study the political position of Mongol princesses who married Goryeo Kings in the context of Mongol Empire’s state system in a large format. Under the decentralized state system of the Mongol Empire, the princes existed as decentralization forces like queens, kings (諸王), and royal sons-in law. Therefore, Mongol princesses who married Goryeo Dynasty kings not only represented the Mongol Empire, the state, but also represented each royal family as kings (諸王)’ daughters. Their political capabilities and connections were based on their parents’, especially their fathers’ background rather than the Mongol emperor’s court itself. Princess Qutluqkelmish (齊國大長公主), the daughter of emperor Qubilai, and her husband king Chungryul (忠烈王) were able to actively utilize her personal infrastructure, specifically the ger-ün kö’üs (怯怜口, 私屬人) not only in the process of exercising their political power, but also in the process of ‘negotiating’ with the emperor. However, the ger-ün kö’üs of other Mongol princesses from families who had low share in imperial politics or who’s fief was located far from the court failed to play such political role in Goryeo. Princesses also formed decentralization forces along with their husbands. Therefore, Mongol princesses married Goryeo Kings did not necessarily have the same interests with the Mongol court or the emperor in various phases of Goryeo–Mongol relations. The conflict between princess Qutluqkelmish and Darugachi (達魯花赤), a supervisor on behalf of the Mongol court, showed that the political position of the Mongol princess was a decentralization force. In summary, to systematically understand political positions of Mongol princesses in Goryeo-Mongol relations, it is necessary to pay attention to individual and familial relationship among Goryeo kings, Mongol emperors, Mongol kings, the fathers of princesses.
Abstract
This thesis aimed to study the political position of Mongol princesses who married Goryeo Kings in the context of Mongol Empire’s state system in a large format. Under the decentralized state system of the Mongol Empire, the princes existed as decentralization forces like queens, kings (諸王), and royal sons-in law. Therefore, Mongol princesses who married Goryeo Dynasty kings not only represented the Mongol Empire, the state, but also represented each royal family as kings (諸王)’ daughters. Their political capabilities and connections were based on their parents’, especially their fathers’ background rather than the Mongol emperor’s court itself. Princess Qutluqkelmish (齊國大長公主), the daughter of emperor Qubilai, and her husband king Chungryul (忠烈王) were able to actively utilize her personal infrastructure, specifically the ger-ün kö’üs (怯怜口, 私屬人) not only in the process of exercising their political power, but also in the process of ‘negotiating’ with the emperor. However, the ger-ün kö’üs of other Mongol princesses from families who had low share in imperial politics or who’s fief was located far from the court failed to play such political role in Goryeo. Princesses also formed decentralization forces along with their husbands. Therefore, Mongol princesses married Goryeo Kings did not necessarily have the same interests with the Mongol court or the emperor in various phases of Goryeo–Mongol relations. The conflict between princess Qutluqkelmish and Darugachi (達魯花赤), a supervisor on behalf of the Mongol court, showed that the political position of the Mongol princess was a decentralization force. In summary, to systematically understand political positions of Mongol princesses in Goryeo-Mongol relations, it is necessary to pay attention to individual and familial relationship among Goryeo kings, Mongol emperors, Mongol kings, the fathers of princesses.
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