죽음의 문명을 넘어: 현대 미국 환경윤리 담론의 특징과 과제
Beyond the Civilization of Death: The Character and Task of Contemporary American Environmental Ethics
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The awareness of environmental crisis in America was dramatically spread out after the appearance of the atomic bomb in 1945 and the disclosure of bad effect of insecticide by R. Carson in 1962. Then Americans confronted the fact that they might be destroyed at a time or dead gradually. They came to know that so far they have made ‘the civilization of death’. The approach to the problem of environment is generally divided into two ways, technocentrism and ecocentrism. While for the former a view of the nature is related with instrumental value, economic perspective and anthropocentrism, for the latter it is related with intrinsic value, esthetic perspective and non-anthropocentrism. If we review the environmental discourse of America chronologically, G. Marsh, G. Pinchot and B. Norton belong to the standpoint of the former, while on the other H. D. Thoreau, J. Muir, A. Leopold and B. Callicott belong to the latter. Especially Thoreau, who showed the model of ecological life, influenced the young generation with his esthetic and religious insight. The spirit of Thoreau and Muir was succeeded to the “land ethic” of Leopold. The land ethic was an epoch-making concept, which contained non-anthropocentrism and holism. A representative contemporary environmental theory, which inherits the spirit of Thoreau and Leopold, is found by Callicott. He asserts that the nature has intrinsic value and that it is very important for us to keep an ecological, holistic and non-anthropocentric attitude in order to preserve our nature itself. We can find that on the ground of the environmental discourse of America flows a kind of religious and metaphysical idealism, which accepts an intrinsic value of nature, and also realize that it is indeed this idealism, which has led the environmental ethics of America until now.
Abstract
The awareness of environmental crisis in America was dramatically spread out after the appearance of the atomic bomb in 1945 and the disclosure of bad effect of insecticide by R. Carson in 1962. Then Americans confronted the fact that they might be destroyed at a time or dead gradually. They came to know that so far they have made ‘the civilization of death’. The approach to the problem of environment is generally divided into two ways, technocentrism and ecocentrism. While for the former a view of the nature is related with instrumental value, economic perspective and anthropocentrism, for the latter it is related with intrinsic value, esthetic perspective and non-anthropocentrism. If we review the environmental discourse of America chronologically, G. Marsh, G. Pinchot and B. Norton belong to the standpoint of the former, while on the other H. D. Thoreau, J. Muir, A. Leopold and B. Callicott belong to the latter. Especially Thoreau, who showed the model of ecological life, influenced the young generation with his esthetic and religious insight. The spirit of Thoreau and Muir was succeeded to the “land ethic” of Leopold. The land ethic was an epoch-making concept, which contained non-anthropocentrism and holism. A representative contemporary environmental theory, which inherits the spirit of Thoreau and Leopold, is found by Callicott. He asserts that the nature has intrinsic value and that it is very important for us to keep an ecological, holistic and non-anthropocentric attitude in order to preserve our nature itself. We can find that on the ground of the environmental discourse of America flows a kind of religious and metaphysical idealism, which accepts an intrinsic value of nature, and also realize that it is indeed this idealism, which has led the environmental ethics of America until now.
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