백제의 불교수용과 불갑사 초전불교의 비판적 검토

Abstract

The characteristics of Baekje[百濟] Buddhism are Indian Buddhism and Lotus Flower faith. Marananda[摩羅難陀], who introduced Buddhism to Baekje in the first year of King Chimryu of Baekje (384), was from Chukgun[竺乾]. Indian monks introduced Buddhism to Baekje, but later Baekje monks also visited India. Gyeomik[謙益] went to India in 521, during the reign of King Muryeong, and returned to Korea in 526, during the reign of King Seong, with Sanskrit scriptures. When Marananda came to Baekje by boat or when Gyeomik went back and forth to India, it is highly likely that he passed through the coast of Jeolla-do, including Beopseongpo[法聖浦]. Although they may not have stayed here and taken specific actions such as directly promoting Buddhism or founding temples, they would have left a deep impression on Indian[Chukgun] monks. After Baekje accepted Buddhism during the Hanseong period, it spread it widely through the Ungjin period and Sabi period. It is said that Hye-hyeon, who made it his business to recite the Lotus Sutra, stayed at Sudeoksa Temple and then moved to Dalasan [Wolchulsan Mountain] in Gangnam, where he recited the Lotus Sutra. In the 6th and 7th centuries, Buddhism in Baekje expanded beyond the areas around Gongju and Sabi to the Jeolla-do region. If there was a temple founded during the Baekje period among the temples in the Jeolla-do, it is possible that the first founder of Baekje Buddhism, Marananda, was entrusted to the temple, recalling the historical memory of Marananda or Gyeomik, who stayed in the area for a while. If it is not a temple founded during the Baekje period, interest in Buddhism in this region may have increased after encountering the ‘Gaheung Tripitaka’ that drifted on the coast of Jeolla-do in the 17th century, and historical memories of the distant Indian monk Marananda staying for a while on the coast of Jeolla-do may have come to mind. I believe that the record that Bulgapsa Temple[佛岬寺] was the first temple in Baekje built by Marananta is a reconstruction of historical memory rather than a historical fact. If the Indian Buddhist tradition is a large part of the Baekje Buddhist tradition, I think temples such as Bulgapsa Temple, which can be recalled from historical memory, can be at the forefront of promoting Baekje Buddhism. However, I hope that the scope is not limited to Marananda but also includes Gyeomik of traveling to India.