초기 대청 북경사행 기록과 사행 노정 검토

Abstract

When the Qing Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing in 1644, diplomatic envoys to Shenyang went to Beijing. It was the first time for a diplomatic envoy to visit Beijing since his return to the Ming Dynasty in 1637. The envoys who went that first year did not leave personal records. However, the practice, which started in 1645, left a rich personal record and reported abundant diplomacy with the Qing Dynasty in Beijing. On the surface, the process was carried out in the same format as that of the Ming Dynasty, but internally, the one-sided demands of the Qing Dynasty and the embarrassment and backlash of the Joseon diplomatic mission against it were exposed. The envoys' mobility and accommodation system has been completely renewed at the zero base. The existing humanistic geographical knowledge and other new historical relics have been created, mainly those related to the unification war of the Qing Dynasty. Various emotions were exposed as the defeat of the ill-fated ship overlapped with the dispatch of the Joseon army. This period was when the Qing Dynasty and Joseon established a new relationship. With the restoration of the diplomatic mission's travel route, the envoys' questioning has expanded. Contact with Joseon envoys and residents in the Qing Dynasty has also increased. The residents consist of not only the Manchurians, but also Koreans who were taken prisoner, Han Chinese who voluntarily surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and Han Chinese who surrendered as they lost the battle regardless of their will. Different emotions such as sadness, anger, disgust, sympathy, and resignation were expressed depending on which of them the Joseon envoys met. The diplomatic records written by Jeong Se-kyu and Sung Yi-sung during their trip to the Qing Dynasty illustrate these characteristics well.