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경제성장이 인프라 지출에 미치는 영향: 미국 주정부와 지방정부를 중심으로

The Effects of Economic Performance on Infrastructure Spending at the State and Local Levels

배수호
성균관대학교 국정전문대학원 (graduate school of governance)|2012.12|국정관리연구 (Journal of Governance Studies)|제7권 제2호|pp. 43-68|DOI 10.16973/jgs.2012.7.2.003

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참고문헌

키워드

경제성장인프라 지출지식 인프라물리적 인프라시계열횡단면(TSCS) 자료infrastructure spendingknowledge infrastructurephysical infrastructuretime-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data.

초록

국가의 경제성장에 따라 국민들의 ‘삶의 질’ 향상에 대한 요구는 증가한다. 이러한 요구는 공공부문에서 인프라(infrastructure) 투자를 통한 보다 양질의 서비스를 제공하도록 하는 것으로 표출된다. 이 연구의 목적은 미국 50개 주를 대상으로 주 단위의 경제발전이 주정부와 지방정부의 인프라 지출에 미치는 영향을 경험적으로 분석한다. 또한 경제발전의 인프라 지출에 미치는 영향을 보다 구체적으로 분석하기 위해 인프라를 물리적 인프라(physical infrastructure)와 지식 인프라(knowledge infrastructure)로 구분하여 추가 분석을 실시한다. 분석을 위한 자료는 미국 50개 주를 대상으로 1997년부터 2000년까지 24년치 시계열횡단면(time-series cross-sectional) 자료를 활용한다. 분석 결과를 요약하면, 주 단위의 경제적 성과는 주민 일인당 인프라 지출에 유의미한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 그 영향은 그리 크지 않았다. 또한 경제적 성과가 주민 일인당 물리적 인프라 지출에 미치는 영향이 주민 일인당 지식 인프라 지출에 미치는 영향보다 약 두 배 가까이 크게 나타났다. 이는 상대적으로 주정부와 지방정부가 지식 인프라 보다 물리적 인프라에 대한 지출에 상대적으로 우선순위를 두고 있음을 알 수 있다. 반면 경제성장이 주정부와 지방정부의 전체 지출액 중 인프라 지출이 차지하는 비중에는 유의미한 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 종합하면, 주정부와 지방정부의 예산지출 결정에 있어 사회복지, 공중보건 등 다른 분야에 대한 지출이 인프라 지출보다 우선시되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Abstract

Economic development and growth may induce infrastructure investment and service provision by the public sector. This paper investigates to what degree economic performance affects infrastructure spending at the state and local levels. For further elaboration, it examines the differential impacts of economic performance on state and local spending on different types of infrastructure. For that purpose, infrastructure is classified into two types: knowledge infrastructure and physical infrastructure. Methodologically, it uses the time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data from 1977 to 2000 in 50 states of the United States. To correct the complex error terms in TSCS data, it employs the ordinary least square (OLS) estimation using the Prais-Winsten procedure and panel-corrected standard errors. Some endogeneity issues are also corrected. Research finds that economic development and growth contributes to the increasing infrastructure spending on a per capita basis by state and local governments; however, its magnitude is not large. When infrastructure spending is disaggregated, economic performance also contributes to the increasing state and local spending on both knowledge and physical infrastructures. In particular, the magnitude of the positive effects on physical infrastructure spending is approximately two times as large as that on knowledge infrastructure spending. However, economic performance has no significant effects on the proportion of infrastructure spending out of the total state and local spending, regardless of whether infrastructure is aggregated or disaggregated. In short, there are level effects of economic performance, but there are no compositional effects. This finding implies that state and local governments increase infrastructure investment and its service provision in responding to the economic growth; yet, they do not consider it as a top priority in comparison with other types of functional areas.

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