인도주의적 행동 촉구의 국제법적 함의
International Legal Implications of the Call for Humanitarian Action
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2019년 4월 2일 프랑스와 독일 양국의 외교부 장관은 규칙에 기반한 다자질서 강화를 위하여 비공식 협의체인 “다자주의 연대”(Alliances for Multilateralism)를 출범시켰다. 이는 공식적인 국제기구로 설립된 것이 아니라, 협력을 위한 기본 원칙과 규범에 공감하는 참여국들이 사안에 따라 유연하게 연합할 수 있도록 돕는 일종의 ‘네트워크’였다. 다자주의 연대는 2019년 9월 26일 뉴욕에서 열린 첫 번째 회의에서 여섯 가지의 이니셔티브를 제시하면서 그에 대한 지지를 요청했는데, 여기에는 “국제인도법 존중 및 원칙에 입각한 인도주의적 활동 강화를 위한 행동 촉구”가 포함되어 있었다. 표면적으로 인도주의적 행동 촉구 이니셔티브는 새로운 국제법상의 의무를 창출한다기보다 기존에 이미 존재하던 국제인도법 관련 규칙의 준수를 강조하는 것으로 보인다. 이에 대한 참여는 아직까지 유럽국가들에 국한되어 있지만, 규칙에 기반한 질서와 다자주의 강화를 중심으로 한 중견국 외교의 핵심을 이루고 있다는 점에서 이에 대한 한국의 대응방향을 모색할 필요성이 제기된다. 이를 위해서는 그 내용에 있어서 보다 강화된 의무가 부과되는 것은 아닌지, 그와 같은 의무가 한국에 어떠한 국제법적 함의를 갖는지를 심층적으로 검토할 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본고에서는 인도주의적 행동 촉구의 주요 내용을 바탕으로 국제법적 함의를 분석하고 한국의 대응방향을 도출한다.
Abstract
On April 2, 2019, foreign ministers of both France and Germany launched an informal consultative body, The Alliance for Multilateralism, to strengthen the rules-based multilateral order. This was not established as an official international organization but was a kind of "network" that helped participating countries sympathize with the basic principles and norms for cooperation flexibly unite according to issues. The Alliance for Multilateralism presented six initiatives at its first meeting in New York on September 26, 2019, and asked for support, including "Call for Action to strengthen respect for international humanitarian law and principled humanitarian action"(hereafter, Call for Humanitarian Action). On the surface, the Call for Humanitarian Action initiative seems to emphasize compliance with existing rules related to international humanitarian law rather than creating new obligations under international law. The endorsement in this is still limited to European countries, but the need to seek a direction for Korea's response is raised in that it forms the core of middle power diplomacy centered on strengthening rules-based order and multilateralism. To this end, it is necessary to examine in-depth whether a more strengthened obligation is imposed in its content and what international legal implications such obligations have for the Republic of Korea. Accordingly, this paper analyzes international legal implications based on the main contents of The Call for Humanitarian Action and derives Korea's response direction.
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