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중학생의 개인적 공정세상신념, 인지적 재평가, 또래괴롭힘 방어행동의 관계: 집단효능감의 조절효과

The Structural Relations among Personal Belief in a Just world, Cognitive Reappraisal and Defending Behaviors in School Bullying: The Moderation Effects of Collective Efficacy

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초록

본 연구는 중학생 또래괴롭힘 방어행동 촉진을 위하여, 개인적 특성과 개인이 지각한 맥락적 특성의 상호작용 효과에 주목하였다. 이를 위하여 개인적 공정세상신념과 방어행동 간의 관계에서 인지적 재평가의 매개효과를 설정하고, 이 매개모형이 집단효능감 수준에 따라 조절되는지 다집단 구조방정식 분석으로 확인하였다. 서울 지역 7개 중학교 1, 2, 3학년 총 1,611명이 연구에 참여하여, 자기 보고식 설문에 응답하였다. 연구 결과, 개인적 공정세상신념은 방어행동과 인지적 재평가를, 인지적 재평가는 방어행동을 모두 정적으로 유의하게 예측하였다. 또한 인지적 재평가의 매개효과 역시 유의하였다. 그러나 지각된 집단효능감이 높은 경우, 개인적 공정세상신념에서 인지적 재평가, 그리고 인지적 재평가에서 방어행동 간의 경로가 더욱 강력한 것으로 확인되었다. 뿐만 아니라, 인지적 재평가의 매개효과 역시 지각된 집단효능감이 높은 경우 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 방어행동에 개인적 공정세상신념과 인지적 재평가를 연결시켜 방어행동의 구체적 기제를 확인하고, 이러한 기제가 개인이 지각한 집단효능감에 의해 더욱 강화된다는 점을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 개입 시사점 및 제한점을 논하였다.

Abstract

This study investigated the interaction effects between individual and perceived contextual factors to promote defending behaviors in school bullying. The mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal on the relation between personal belief in a just world and defending behaviors was studied. Also, this study examined whether the mediating model would be moderated by collective efficacy. A total of 1,611 students from seven middle schools in Seoul, responded self-report questionnaire. Multi-group SEM was applied to data analysis. The results indicated that direct paths in structural modeling were significant regardless of the level of collective efficacy. The mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal is also significant for both groups of collective efficacy. However, the paths from personal belief in a just world to cognitive reappraisal and from cognitive reappraisal to defending behaviors were stronger when students perceived high level of collective efficacy. Furthermore, the mediating effect was also stronger among students who reported high level of collective efficacy. By identifying specific personal mechanisms and effect of contextual factors for defending behaviors, this study shed light on new perspectives on defending behaviors. Based on these findings, implications and limitations of the present study were discussed.

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