Born-Global 기업의 해외진출 동기와 전략: 문화콘텐츠 기업의 사례
The Motives and Strategies of Global Expansion in Born-Global Firms: Cases of Firms in the Culture & Content Industry
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초록
본 연구는 문화콘텐츠 산업에서 해외진출에 성공한 4개의 Born-Global 기업을 조사하여, Born-Global 기업의 해외진출 동기와 전략에 관한 6개의 명제들을 도출하였다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 해외진출의 동기, 즉 많은 기업들 중 왜 특정기업들이 창업 후 빠른 시일 내에 해외진출 하였는가를 경영자특성 및 제품특성이라는 기업내적 요인과 경쟁적 위치라는 기업외적 요인에 초점을 두어 분석하였다. 이를 통해 1) 경영자가 직관적 판단을 중시하여 창조적 기회(Enacted Opportunity)를 추구하는 특성을 가질수록, 2) 제품이 환경의 변화에 대응하여 설계 및 제작이 용이하게 변경되는 특성을 가질수록, 3) 제품이 초기투자비용에 비해 수명주기가 짧은 특성을 가질수록, 4) 국내시장에서 시장지배력이 낮을수록 해당기업이 Born-Global 기업이 될 가능성이 높다는 결론을 도출하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 Born-Global 기업의 해외진출 전략, 즉 기업들이 구체적으로 어떤 시장에 어떤 방식으로 진출하는 것이 효과적인가를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 Born-Global 기업은 5) 즉각적 현금유입이 가능한 시장성이 큰 국가에 먼저 진출하는 것이 효과적이며, 6) 진출초기에는 현지파트너와 협력하는 진출형태를 선택하고, 시장의 확대에 따라 점차 통제권이 높은 진출형태를 취하는 것이 효과적이라는 결론을 제시하였다
Abstract
This study examined the determinants of the motives for early internationalization and the effective entry strategies in born-global firms. We developed six propositions through the case studies on the four successful new ventures in the Korean culture & content industry. With regard to the motives for early internalization, we suggested that firms are more likely to go abroad early if 1) managers pursue enacted opportunities rather than objective opportunities when they search for the market, 2) the design and production of their products can be easily modified to adapt to the environment, 3) the life-cycle of the product is relatively short compared to the initial investment for the launch of the product, and 4) the market power of the firm in the domestic country is weak. As to the effective entry strategies of born-global firms, we proposed that it will be effective 5) for firms to enter at first foreign countries where the demand size is big enough to acquire high cash flow in a short time, and 6) for firms to build strategic partnership with a firm in the host country at first and then to strengthen the degree of control power along with the increase of market power.
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