고구려 5세기 금석문에 나타난 干支曆日 자료와 曆法 연구
The Koguryo Calendar System and the Sexagenary Cycle Calendar Records in Fifth-Century Epigraphy
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This article treats the Koguryo calendar system. It is difficult to find detailed information of that calendar due to the limited historic data. Further, only a few sexagenary cycle records from Koguryo are handed down through Samguksagi , the oldest Korean history. I examined not only Koguryo records, but also fifth century epigraphic data from Koguryo. In particular, I found that an intercalary month record first appeared during the reign of King Jangsu(412~491) in the Koguryo Annals in Samguksagi . That occurred in 488, during the reign of King Jangsu. This record of an intercalary month means that Koguryo used the lunar-solar calendar system at least around the fifth century. That calendar may be the Xuanshi Calendar(412~522), which the Northern Wei dynasty used for a long period of time. Koguryo’s position for the intercalary month differs from that in Chinese documents from the same period. Koguryo used an eighth month intercalary month, but Northern Wei used the ninth month intercalary month. Owing to this difference, I believe Koguryo established a calendar system that differed from the Chinese calendar. To analyze several fifth century epigraphic data, including the Deukheung-ri mural tomb, I knew that it was possible for Koguryo to use its own calendar, which differed from the Chinese Taeshi Calendar used from 265 to 420 in Eastern Jin. As a result, I raise a new hypothesis of the existence of a Koguryo calendar. I have named this the Yongnak calendar of the Koguryo style.
Abstract
This article treats the Koguryo calendar system. It is difficult to find detailed information of that calendar due to the limited historic data. Further, only a few sexagenary cycle records from Koguryo are handed down through Samguksagi , the oldest Korean history. I examined not only Koguryo records, but also fifth century epigraphic data from Koguryo. In particular, I found that an intercalary month record first appeared during the reign of King Jangsu(412~491) in the Koguryo Annals in Samguksagi . That occurred in 488, during the reign of King Jangsu. This record of an intercalary month means that Koguryo used the lunar-solar calendar system at least around the fifth century. That calendar may be the Xuanshi Calendar(412~522), which the Northern Wei dynasty used for a long period of time. Koguryo’s position for the intercalary month differs from that in Chinese documents from the same period. Koguryo used an eighth month intercalary month, but Northern Wei used the ninth month intercalary month. Owing to this difference, I believe Koguryo established a calendar system that differed from the Chinese calendar. To analyze several fifth century epigraphic data, including the Deukheung-ri mural tomb, I knew that it was possible for Koguryo to use its own calendar, which differed from the Chinese Taeshi Calendar used from 265 to 420 in Eastern Jin. As a result, I raise a new hypothesis of the existence of a Koguryo calendar. I have named this the Yongnak calendar of the Koguryo style.
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