신라 금석문과 「신라본기」의 천문역법사 고찰

Abstract

In this article, I study about the Silla history of astronomy and almanac through the historical data appeared in the Silla literature records and epigraphs. To begin with, I took notice of the Silla records of leap month for searching evidence of using the lunisolar calendar system. So I surveyed both historical literature records of the Silla-bongi among Samguk-sagi and many Silla epigraphic data. As the result, the first use data of leap month recorded as Silla-bongi in the year of 680, on the other hand, as epigaph data appeared late in the year of 855. Before this record, Silla-bongi showed Silla dynasty introduced a formal almanac in the 764 year from early Tang dynasty by Silla diplomatic emissary, his name of Dukbok, and that almanac become known as the Induk-calendar of Tang dynasty. Therefore, I argued Silla could use the sytematic almanac from 7th century for the first time. On the other hand, I analysed Silla national ritual system of Rituals to progenitor shrine and Sin-gung of a so-called worship of national shrine records. As a result, Silla held the rituals usually at January or February during Silla millenary. This result shows the first month of the year would be Jan. or Feb. al least to the Silla people. It is different from present monthly system. And I found out the epigarph calendar day-data of the Maunryong monument commemorating King Jinhung’s Tour was applied by the calendar of North Qi(550-577) not a North Zhou(557-581), and its name could be the Chen-bo calendar. Outside of that, I studied many issues about ancient calendar of Silla. For instance, middle and late Silla dynasty could use the ancient Indian calendar, so-called Bum-ryok, like showing in some epigraphic data and some Silla Buddhist records.