『악학궤범』의 적(篴)과 퉁소(洞簫)

Abstract

This study briefly explained ‘Jeok’ in ‘Akhakgwebeom’(Korean musical treatise) Vol. 6 ‘Abuakgidoseol’ and Tungso(six-holed bamboo flute) in Vol. 7 ‘Dangbuakgidoseol.’ In general, ‘Jeok(pipe)’ is regarded as a traverse flute and the same as ‘Jeok(bamboo flute).’ However, through examination of records and Sanhyeongdo, it was confirmed that ‘Jeok’ in ‘Akhakgwebeom’ is played vertically. In addition, records about Jeok in Akhakgwebeom are similar to the Chinese records about Tungso, and thus Jeok in ‘Akhakgwebeom’ is considered to have some relevance with Tungso. In particular, according to ‘Sejongshilok (the Annuls of King Sejong),’ a document submitted by Akhakbyeoljwa Park Yeon wrote that the previously used Jeok of Heonga(a musical band) was abandoned as it did not produce sufficient sound for Eungjong and Muyeok and was replaced with Tungso sent from China. Based on such relevance between Jeok and Tungso, this study compared the records about Jeok in Vol. 6 of ‘Akhakgwebeom’ and those about Tungso in Vol. 7. The records of both Jeok in ‘Akhakgwebeom’ and of Tungso contained Sanhyeongdo and this was a very important clue in understanding fingering techniques use to play these instruments. The Sanhyeongdo of Jeok is recorded with the names of 12 pitches to suit the range of Aak(ceremonial music from Song Dynasty) performance and the Sanhyeongdo of Tungso is recorded using both Oeumyakbo and Gongcheokbo. In general, Jeok and Tungso can be played using various fingering techniques. The fact that only a single fingering technique is drawn in Sanhyeongdo means that this particular fingering technique was most frequently used. Jeok and Tungso were played for Aak and Dangak(music from Dang Dynasty) respectively. Therefore, fingering techniques drawn for Jeok and Tungso can be regarded as fingering techniques frequently used in the performance of Aak and Dangak respectively. To examine Sanhyeongdo for Jeok in ‘Akhakgwebeom’ and Tungso, fingering techniques for the fix-holed Tungso currently used in China and those used in the time of the abdicated emperor of Song Dynasty were compared. As a result, it was found that the fingering technique for Jeok in ‘Akhakgwebeom’ was different from fingering techniques used to play Tungso in the period of Song Dynasty and in the present times. On the other hand, it was found that the fingering technique for Tungso in ‘Akhakgwebeom’ was almost the same as Beomjajo(E-mode) of the currently used fingering technique for six-holed Tungso.