저축 동기의 위계구조에 관한 네트워크 분석
A Network Analysis of a Hierarchical Structure of Savings Motives among Young Korean People
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초록
이 연구는 면담조사 자료에 대한 네트워크 분석을 통하여 먼저 저축자들의 구체적인 저축 동기 및 저축을 통해서추구하는 상위의 가치들이 어떤 연결 관계를 가지고 있는가, 특히 저축의 동기와 추구하는 상위 가치들 사이에 어떤 위계적인 관계가 존재하는가에 대해 분석하고 있다. 분석 결과, 저축자들은 ‘삶의 질 향상’, ‘가족 간의 화합’, ‘자유’ 등을 저축의 최고 상위가치로 설정하고 있다. 이어서, 저축자들이 추구하는 가치 체계에 따라 저축자들의 유형을 ‘경제적 가치 추구형 저축(자)’ ‘정신적 가치 추구형 저축(자)’, ‘유교적 가치 추구형 저축(자)’의 3유형으로 범주화하였다. 이는 우리나라의 저축자 유형에 대해 상식적으로 생각해볼만한 것이지만, 이 연구를 통해서 실증적으로처음으로 확인된 것이다. 나아가서, 저축자 유형에 따라 저축자의 행태와 속성의 차이를 분석한 결과, 부채의 크기가 큰 개인일수록 정신적 및 유교적 가치 추구형일 가능성이 높고, 30대보다 20대에서 정신적 가치 추구형 저축자의 비율이 더 높음이 확인되었다. 이 연구에서 나타난 저축 동기의 위계적 구조는 저축에 임하는 사람들의 심리구조 또는 가치 체계를 보여주고 있다. 이런 연구 결과는, 저축 동기에 대한 기존의 연구들이 경제적 및 사회․인구학적 차이에 의존하고 있는 것과 대비된다. 또한 이 연구는, 사람들이 저축을 통해 추구하는 궁극적인 목적이 평생에걸친 소비 효용의 극대화라는 주류 경제학의 입장과 거리를 두고, 사람들이 저축을 통해 실제로 추구하는 가치 또는 목적을 실증적으로 밝히려 하고 있다는 점에서도 저축 이론에 대한 접근상의 특징을 지니고 있다.
Abstract
This research analyses empirically the relationship between the goals and motives of savings and especially the hierarchical structure among them in Korea. A data set of 99samples from structured interviews with young people who are old in twenties and thirties living in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Korea is analysed by frequency analysis, network analysis and directed graphs to obtain hierarchical structures of saving motives and goals. Savings for buying a house, living costs at old age, and wedding costs are most answered as concrete saving motives by the interviewees. Enhancement of life quality, self-gratification,and harmony of a family are found out as key top goals of savings motives from the analysis of the implication matrix. Enhancement of life quality has the highest value of abstractness of network because it has many relationships of both in-degrees and out-degrees with self-gratification, liberty, harmony of a family, comfortable life, life in security and safety. Enhancement of life quality may be considered the top motive of savings of Korean young people but it should be cautious about how it is different from life-long utility maximization in the mainstream economics because the term of enhancement of life quality is not strictly defined at the questionnaire. Korean young savers can be categorized as three types, that is, the categories of pursuing economic goals, pursing spiritual goals, and pursing Confucian goals. While such categorization may rather seem to be intuitive in Korea, it has not been demonstrated before. It is thought that Confucian type of savers mirror some characteristics of Korean culture. Confucian type of savers consider savings her/his duty as a child of her/his parent or a parent of her/his children. They answer the questionnaire that they save for their children’s education in the future or save for their parent’s old age and they should show a right model of saving to their children by their behavior of savings. A multi-logistic regression analysis of people’s savings in each category has shown that people with higher debt were more inclined to put spiritual values and people in their 20s more likely showed such aspects than those in their 30s. The hierarchical structure of saving motives witnessed by this study shows people’s value priorities and even psychological structures when saving. Such results are in contrast with the fact that former studies of saving motives mainly rely on economic and socio-demographic differences. This study is also especial in the manner it does not refer to the idea of mainstream economics that the ultimate goal of savings is to maximize life-long consumption utility, but tries to verify empirically the actual values or goals of savings. Sampling data for this study is restricted in young people in 20s and 30s in Gwangju Metropolitan City. If new samples are gotten fully ranged in ages and regions, more interesting and useful informations and policy suggestions may be derived from analyses.
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